Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trъvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Snoj, (effectively) from a w-extension of Proto-Indo-European *treh₂- (“to pass, to cross over”). Compare Proto-Indo-European *térh₂uti (“to overcome”).

Verb

*trъvàti impf^[1]

to last
to hold up, to endure
(by extension) to insist, to keep up trying

Conjugation

Conjugation of *trъvati, *trъva, *trъvajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*trъvanьje	*trъvati	*trъvatъ	*trъvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*trъvanъ	*trъvajemъ
Active	*trъvavъ	*trъvaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*trъvaxъ	*trъva	*trъva	*trъvajǫ	*trъvaješi	*trъvajetь
Dual	*trъvaxově	*trъvasta	*trъvaste	*trъvajevě	*trъvajeta	*trъvajete
Plural	*trъvaxomъ	*trъvaste	*trъvašę	*trъvajemъ	*trъvajete	*trъvajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*trъvaaxъ	*trъvaaše	*trъvaaše	—	*trъvaji	*trъvaji
Dual	*trъvaaxově	*trъvaašeta	*trъvaašete	*trъvajivě	*trъvajita	—
Plural	*trъvaaxomъ	*trъvaašete	*trъvaaxǫ	*trъvajimъ	*trъvajite	—

Related terms

*trati, *trajati (“to last”)
*tъtriti (sę) (“to stroll, to amble”)

Descendants

West Slavic:
- Old Czech: trvati
  - Czech: trvat
- Old Polish: trwać
  - Polish: trwać
    - → Old Ruthenian: трывати (tryvati), тривати (trivati), трвати (trvati), трвать (trvatʹ)
      - Belarusian: трыва́ць (tryvácʹ)
      - Carpathian Rusyn: тырва́ти (tŷrváty)
      - Ukrainian: трива́ти (tryváty)
  - Silesian: twać
- Old Slovak: *trvať
  - Pannonian Rusyn: тирвац (tirvac)
  - Slovak: trvať
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: trëwac
  - Slovincian: trwac
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: trwaś

References

^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “trajati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “pslovan. *trъva̋ti”