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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwentás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen- (“holy”).
Adjective
*svę̑tъ[1][2][3]
- holy, sacred
Declension
Indefinite declension of *svętъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*svętъ
|
*svęta
|
*svęto
|
| genitive
|
*svęta
|
*svęty
|
*svęta
|
| dative
|
*svętu
|
*svętě
|
*svętu
|
| accusative
|
*svętъ
|
*svętǫ
|
*svęto
|
| instrumental
|
*svętomь
|
*svętojǫ
|
*svętomь
|
| locative
|
*svętě
|
*svętě
|
*svętě
|
| vocative
|
*svęte
|
*svęto
|
*svęto
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*svęta
|
*svętě
|
*svętě
|
| genitive
|
*svętu
|
*svętu
|
*svętu
|
| dative
|
*svętoma
|
*svętama
|
*svętoma
|
| accusative
|
*svęta
|
*svętě
|
*svętě
|
| instrumental
|
*svętoma
|
*svętama
|
*svętoma
|
| locative
|
*svętu
|
*svętu
|
*svętu
|
| vocative
|
*svęta
|
*svętě
|
*svętě
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*svęti
|
*svęty
|
*svęta
|
| genitive
|
*svętъ
|
*svętъ
|
*svętъ
|
| dative
|
*svętomъ
|
*svętamъ
|
*svętomъ
|
| accusative
|
*svęty
|
*svęty
|
*svęta
|
| instrumental
|
*svęty
|
*svętami
|
*svęty
|
| locative
|
*svętěxъ
|
*svętaxъ
|
*svętěxъ
|
| vocative
|
*svęti
|
*svęty
|
*svęta
|
Definite declension of *svętъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*svętъjь
|
*svętaja
|
*svętoje
|
| genitive
|
*svętajego
|
*svętyję̇
|
*svętajego
|
| dative
|
*svętujemu
|
*svętěji
|
*svętujemu
|
| accusative
|
*svętъjь
|
*svętǫjǫ
|
*svętoje
|
| instrumental
|
*svętyjimь
|
*svętǫjǫ
|
*svętyjimь
|
| locative
|
*svętějemь
|
*svętěji
|
*svętějemь
|
| vocative
|
*svętъjь
|
*svętaja
|
*svętoje
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*svętaja
|
*svętěji
|
*svętěji
|
| genitive
|
*svętuju
|
*svętuju
|
*svętuju
|
| dative
|
*svętyjima
|
*svętyjima
|
*svętyjima
|
| accusative
|
*svętaja
|
*svętěji
|
*svętěji
|
| instrumental
|
*svętyjima
|
*svętyjima
|
*svętyjima
|
| locative
|
*svętuju
|
*svętuju
|
*svętuju
|
| vocative
|
*svętaja
|
*svętěji
|
*svętěji
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*svętiji
|
*svętyję̇
|
*svętaja
|
| genitive
|
*svętъjixъ
|
*svętъjixъ
|
*svętъjixъ
|
| dative
|
*svętyjimъ
|
*svętyjimъ
|
*svętyjimъ
|
| accusative
|
*svętyję̇
|
*svętyję̇
|
*svętaja
|
| instrumental
|
*svętyjimi
|
*svętyjimi
|
*svętyjimi
|
| locative
|
*svętyjixъ
|
*svętyjixъ
|
*svętyjixъ
|
| vocative
|
*svętiji
|
*svętyję̇
|
*svętaja
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: свѧтъ (svętŭ), ст҃ъ (st:ŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: свѧтый (svjatyj)
- Russian: свято́й (svjatój)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: свѧтъ (svętŭ)
- Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱔⱅⱏ (svętŭ)
- Bulgarian: свят (svjat)
- Macedonian: свет (svet)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: све̑т
- Latin script: svȇt
- Slovene: svẹ̑t (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Kashubian: swiãti
- Old Czech: svatý
- Polabian: sjǫtĕ
- Old Polish: święty
- Slovak: svätý
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: swjaty
- Lower Sorbian: swěty
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “свято́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*svętъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476: “adj. o ‘holy, sacred’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “svętъ svęta svęto”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c holy (SA 109; PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “svẹ̑t”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*svę̑tъ”