Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫbota

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin (either Medieval Latin sabbatum or Vulgar Latin *sambatum), from Ancient Greek σάββᾱτον (sábbāton), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (šabbāṯ, “sabbath”).^[1]

Noun

*sǫbota f

Saturday

Declension

Declension of *sǫbota (hard a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sǫbota	*sǫbotě	*sǫboty
genitive	*sǫboty	*sǫbotu	*sǫbotъ
dative	*sǫbotě	*sǫbotama	*sǫbotamъ
accusative	*sǫbotǫ	*sǫbotě	*sǫboty
instrumental	sǫbotojǫ, sǫbotǫ^**	*sǫbotama	*sǫbotami
locative	*sǫbotě	*sǫbotu	sǫbotasъ, sǫbotaxъ^*
vocative	*sǫboto	*sǫbotě	*sǫboty

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

The East and South Slavic languages have a form that derives from a nasal variant *sǫbota. The West Slavic forms have no nasal, *sobota.

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: сѫбота (sǫbota), субота (subota)
  - Old Ruthenian: субо́та (subóta), суббо́та (subbóta)
    - Belarusian: субо́та (subóta)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: субо́та (subóta)
    - Ukrainian: субо́та (subóta)
  - Russian: суббо́та (subbóta)
  - → Karelian: suovatta
    - → Kildin Sami: сӯвведҍ (sūvv’ed’)
- Old Novgorodian: сѫбота (sǫbota), соубота (subota)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: сѫбота (sǫbota), собота (sobota)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰱⱁⱅⰰ (sǫbota), ⱄⱆⰱⱁⱅⰰ (subota)
  - Bulgarian: съ́бота (sǎ́bota); съ́мбута (sǎ́mbuta) (dialectal)
  - Macedonian: сабота (sabota)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: су̀бота
  
  Latin script: sùbota
- Slovene: sobọ́ta (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: sobota
  - Czech: sobota
- Old Polish: sobota
  - Polish: sobota
  - Silesian: sobota
  - → Old Ruthenian: собо́та (sobóta)
- Old Slovak: sobota, subota
  - Pannonian Rusyn: собота (sobota)
  - Slovak: sobota
- Polabian: sübötă
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: sobòta
  - Slovincian: sôbôta
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: sobota
  - Upper Sorbian: sobota

Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: szombat

References

^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “суббо́та”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[1] Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “суббо́та”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[1]