Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pěnędzь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Pre-Greekder.?

Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē)bor.

Latin patina

Latin panna?

Latin pannus?

Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos

Proto-Germanic *-īnaz

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Germanic *-gaz

?

Proto-Germanic *-ingaz

Proto-Germanic *panningaz

Gothic *𐍀𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*pinniggs)bor.?

▲

Proto-Germanic *panningaz

Proto-West Germanic *panningbor.

Proto-Slavic *pěnędzь

From earlier *pęnęgъ, borrowed from either Gothic *𐍀𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*pinniggs),^[1] or i-umlaut inflected late Proto-West Germanic *penning, from earlier *panning,^[2] both from Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin, penny”).

Noun

*pě̀nę̄dzь m

coin, money

Inflection

Declension of *pě̀nę̄dzь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pě̀nę̄dzь	*pě̀nę̄dza	*pě̀nę̄dzi
genitive	*pě̀nę̄dza	*pě̀nę̄dzu	*pě̀nę̄dzь
dative	*pě̀nę̄dzu	*pě̀nę̄dzema	*pě̀nę̄dzēmъ
accusative	*pě̀nę̄dzь	*pě̀nę̄dza	*pě̀nę̄dzę̇
instrumental	pě̀nę̄dzьmь, pě̀nę̄dzemь^*	*pě̀nę̄dzema	*pě̀nę̄dzī
locative	*pě̀nę̄dzi	*pě̀nę̄dzu	*pě̀nę̄dzīxъ
vocative	*pě̀nę̄že	*pě̀nę̄dza	*pě̀nę̄dzi

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Descendants

Church Slavonic: пѣнязь (pěnjazĭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:
- Russian: пе́нязь (pénjazʹ)
- Old Ruthenian: пѣнязь (pěnjazʹ)
  - Ukrainian: пі́нязь (pínjazʹ)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: піняз (pinjaz)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: пѣнѧѕь (pěnędzĭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱂⱑⱀⱔⰷⱐ (pěnędzĭ)
- Bulgarian: пе́нез (pénez)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: пјèнез (archaic)
  
  Latin: pjȅnēz (archaic), pènezi (regional)
- Slovene: ре̣̑nеz (archaic)
West Slavic:
- Czech: peníz, peníze
- Old Polish: pieniądz
  - Polish: pieniądz, piniądz, pieniąż (Middle Polish), pijądz (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)
    - → German: Penunze
    - → Ukrainian: пеньо́нзи (penʹónzy), пеньо́ндзи (penʹóndzy)
  - Silesian: piniōndz
- Old Slovak: penáz, penez, peniaz, peniaze, peníz
  - Pannonian Rusyn: пенєж (penjež), пенєжи (penježi)
  - Slovak: peniaz, penez
- Polabian: pangs
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: pieniądz, (obsolete) pieńdz
  - Slovincian: pjõdze, pjênjundze
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: pjenjez
  - Lower Sorbian: pjenjeze pl

Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: pénz

References

^ Lloyd, Albert L.; Lühr, Rosemarie (1988), “pfending, pfenning”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen‎^[1] (in German), Göttingen/Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 1398-1402: “got. *pinnings > urslaw. *pęnęg- > gemeinslaw. *pěnędzь”
^ Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013), The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎^[2], Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 91f