Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/otъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ati (as a prefix: *at-), probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óti, o-grade variant of *h₁éti (“beyond, further; also”),[1] or alternatively from *h₂éti (“but”). Cognate with Lithuanian at- (“back, away”), Latvian at- (“back away”), Old Prussian at-, et- (“back, away”) (the latter from an apparent variant *et-).

    Preposition

    *otъ[1][2][3] [with genitive]

    1. from, away from
    2. originating from, starting from (a place or time), since
    3. of, made of, consisting of
    4. out of (a selection)
    5. by (in passive; by the action of)
    Usage notes

    All modern Slavic languages except Polabian, Russian, Sorbian and Bulgarian have generalized ot to od, which is the statistically more prevalent form due to word sandhi (i.e. before vowels, sonorants and voiced consonants), and which was reanalyzed as the basic, normal form.

    Synonyms
    Antonyms
    Descendants
    • East Slavic:
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱏ (otŭ)
        Old Cyrillic script: отъ (otŭ)
        • Bulgarian: от (ot)
        • Macedonian: од (od)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: о̏д
        Latin script: ȍd
      • Slovene: od (tonal orthography)
    • West Slavic:

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ot(ъ)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382: “prep. ‘from’”
    2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “ot(ъ)”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(prep. and prefix) (PR 146)”
    3. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “od”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *otъ”

    Further reading

    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “от”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “от”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 952

    Etymology 2

      From Proto-Balto-Slavic *áta, from Proto-Indo-European *átta (“father”). Baby-talk word.[1]

      Cognates include Albanian atë, Ancient Greek ἄττα (átta), Hittite 𒀜𒋫𒀸 (attaš, “father”), Latin atta, Proto-Germanic *attô (whence Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 (atta), Old High German atto), Proto-Celtic *attyos (whence Old Irish aite), Ossetian ӕда (æda, “grandfather”).[2]

      Similarly sounding words are also attested in Proto-Turkic *ata (“father; ancestor”) and Proto-Uralic *attɜ (“father, grandfather”).

      Noun

      *òtъ m[2][3][4][5][6]

      1. father
        Synonyms: *bata, *tata
      Declension
      Declension of *òtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
      singular dual plural
      nominative *òtъ *otà *otì
      genitive *otà *otù *òtъ
      dative *otù *otòma *otòmъ
      accusative *òtъ *otà *otỳ
      instrumental *otъ̀mь, *otòmь* *otòma *òty
      locative *otě̀ *otù *òtěxъ
      vocative *ote *otà *otì

      * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

      Alternative reconstructions
      • *ota
      Derived terms
      • *otьnь / *otьnъ (“fatherly”) (< *òtъ + *-ьnъ)
        • *bezotьnъ
        • *otьnina
      • *otь̀cь (“father”) (< *otь̀kъ < *òtъ + *-ь̀kъ)[7]
        • *otьcevъ
          • *otьcevьskъ
          • *otьcevьstvo
        • *otьčičь
        • *otьčina (“paternal household”)
        • *otьčizna, *otьčiznь
          • *otьčinьnъ
          • *otьčinъ
        • *otьčjь
        • *otьčunъ
        • *otьčuxъ
      • *otь̀čь (“fatherly”) (< *otь̀kjь < *otь̀kъ + *-jь < *òtъ + *-ьkъ)[7]
        • *otьčevъ (“paternal”)
        • *otьčьnъ (“fatherly”)
        • *otьčьskъ (“patriotic”)
        • *otьčìmъ (“fatherly figure”)
          • *otьčimьskъ
          • *otьčimovъ
        • *otь̀čьstvo (“fatherland”)
      Descendants
      • West Slavic:
        • Kashubian: óta (“grandma”)

      References

      1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*otьcь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 383
      2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zhuravlyov, A. F., editor (2014), “*otьcь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 39 (*otъtęti – *ozgǫba), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 168
      3. ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “оте́ць”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 232
      4. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “оте́ц”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
      5. ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “оте́ц”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 960
      6. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “oče”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
      7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Moszyński, Leszek (2006), Wstęp do filologii słowiańskiej [Introduction to Slavic Philology]‎[2] (in Polish), 2nd edition, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, page 233
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