Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/moltъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Indo-European *molh₂-to-, from *melh₂- (given as *melH- in Derksen). Equivalently from the root of *melti (“to grind, mill”) +‎ *-tъ. The original meaning was "crushing out".

    Cognate with Latin malleus (“hammer”) < *mal-ni- "crushing" (per Pokorny).

    Noun

    *mõltъ or *mȏltъ m[1][2]

    1. hammer
    Inflection

    Accent paradigm b or c. Most descendants reflect paradigm c.

    Declension of *mõltъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *mõltъ *mōltà *mōltì
    genitive *mōltà *mōltù *mõltъ
    dative *mōltù *mōltòma *mōltòmъ
    accusative *mõltъ *mōltà *mōltỳ
    instrumental *mōltъ̀mь, *mōltòmь* *mōltòma *mõlty
    locative *mōltě̀ *mōltù *mõltěxъ
    vocative *molte *mōltà *mōltì

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    Declension of *mȏltъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *mȏltъ *mȏlta *mȏlti
    genitive *mȏlta *moltù *mõltъ
    dative *mȏltu *moltomà *moltòmъ
    accusative *mȏltъ *mȏlta *mȏlty
    instrumental *mȏltъmь, *mȏltomь* *moltomà *moltý
    locative *mȏltě *moltù *moltě̃xъ
    vocative *molte *mȏlta *mȏlti

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    Derived terms
    • *moltьnъ
      • *moltьnica
      • *moltьnikъ
      • *moltьnja, *moltьnь
    • *moltobojь
      • *moltobojьcь
    • *moltovъ
    • *moltъkъ
    • *mōltìti (“to beat, thresh”)
      • *moltěja, *molťaja
      • *moltęga, *moltęgъ?
      • *molti(d)lьnъ
      • *moltidlo
        • *moltidlьja
      • *moltišče
      • *moltivo
      • *moltьba
      • *moltьcь
      • *molt(j)ati
      • *molt(j)enьje
      • *moltъka, *molťьka
      • *molťьskъ
    Descendants
    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: молотъ (molotŭ)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Cyrillic: млатъ (mlatŭ)
        Glagolitic: ⰿⰾⰰⱅⱏ (mlatŭ)
      • Bulgarian: млат (mlat)
      • Macedonian: млат (mlat)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: мла̑т
        Latin script: mlȃt, mlȏt
      • Slovene: mlȁt, mlȃt (tonal orthography)
    • West Slavic:

    References

    1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*moltъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 323: “m. o (b/c) ‘hammer’”
    2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “moltъ molta”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d (OSA 143; PR 137; RPT 105)”

    Further reading

    • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “молот”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 540
    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “молот”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Pokorny, Julius (1959), “mel-1”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 716–719
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*moltъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 197

    Etymology 2

    Noun

    *moltъ m

    1. alternative form of *molto (“malt”)
    Declension
    Declension of *moltъ (hard o-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *moltъ *molta *molti
    genitive *molta *moltu *moltъ
    dative *moltu *moltoma *moltomъ
    accusative *moltъ *molta *molty
    instrumental *moltъmь, *moltomь* *moltoma *molty
    locative *moltě *moltu *moltěxъ
    vocative *molte *molta *molti

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

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