Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lošь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Uncertain:
- According to Derksen, probably related to Proto-Germanic *lasiwaz (“frail, tired”).[1] Kroonen derives the Slavic forms from Proto-Indo-European *los-yo-, in contrast to the *losiwo- that he reconstructs for the Germanic terms and Tocharian B leswi (“attacks of weakness”).[2] ESSJa considers alleged relation with Germanic terms as semantically unsatisfactory.
- According to ESSJa, probably akin to Serbo-Croatian lȍhav (“sickening, repulsive”), lohotan (“rotten”), Ukrainian ло́хати (lóxaty, “to ache, to crave”), Belarusian лаха́ць (laxácʹ, “to remonstrate”).
- Vasmer tentatively proposes relation to Ancient Greek λοξός (loxós, “askew”), itself of uncertain origin.
Adjective
*lòšь
Inflection
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *lòšь | *lòša | *lòše |
| genitive | *lòša | *lòšę̇ | *lòša |
| dative | *lòšu | *lòši | *lòšu |
| accusative | *lòšь | *lòšǫ | *lòše |
| instrumental | *lòšemь | *lòšejǫ | *lòšemь |
| locative | *lòši | *lòši | *lòši |
| vocative | *lòšu | *lòše | *lòše |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *lòša | *lòši | *lòši |
| genitive | *lòšu | *lòšu | *lòšu |
| dative | *lòšema | *lòšama | *lòšema |
| accusative | *lòša | *lòši | *lòši |
| instrumental | *lòšema | *lòšama | *lòšema |
| locative | *lòšu | *lòšu | *lòšu |
| vocative | *lòša | *lòši | *lòši |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *lòši | *lòšę̇ | *lòša |
| genitive | *lòšь | *lòšь | *lòšь |
| dative | *lòšemъ | *lòšamъ | *lòšemъ |
| accusative | *lòšę̇ | *lòšę̇ | *lòša |
| instrumental | *lòši | *lòšami | *lòši |
| locative | *lòšixъ | *lòšaxъ | *lòšixъ |
| vocative | *lòši | *lòšę̇ | *lòša |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *lòšьjь | *lòšaja | *lòšeje |
| genitive | *lòšajego | *lòšę̇ję̇ | *lòšajego |
| dative | *lòšujemu | *lòšiji | *lòšujemu |
| accusative | *lòšьjь | *lòšǫjǫ | *lòšeje |
| instrumental | *lòšijimь | *lòšǫjǫ | *lòšijimь |
| locative | *lòšijemь | *lòšiji | *lòšijemь |
| vocative | *lòšьjь | *lòšaja | *lòšeje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *lòšaja | *lòšiji | *lòšiji |
| genitive | *lòšuju | *lòšuju | *lòšuju |
| dative | *lòšijima | *lòšijima | *lòšijima |
| accusative | *lòšaja | *lòšiji | *lòšiji |
| instrumental | *lòšijima | *lòšijima | *lòšijima |
| locative | *lòšuju | *lòšuju | *lòšuju |
| vocative | *lòšaja | *lòšiji | *lòšiji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *lòšiji | *lòšę̇ję̇ | *lòšaja |
| genitive | *lòšьjixъ | *lòšьjixъ | *lòšьjixъ |
| dative | *lòšijimъ | *lòšijimъ | *lòšijimъ |
| accusative | *lòšę̇ję̇ | *lòšę̇ję̇ | *lòšaja |
| instrumental | *lòšijimi | *lòšijimi | *lòšijimi |
| locative | *lòšijixъ | *lòšijixъ | *lòšijixъ |
| vocative | *lòšiji | *lòšę̇ję̇ | *lòšaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: ло́ший (lóšij) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lòšь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*lasiwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lošь(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 16 (*lokadlo – *lъživьcь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 92
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ло́ший”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Gluhak, Alemko (1993), “loš, -a, -o”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 383