Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lasiwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Kroonen suggests a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *losi-u-.^[1] Adams suggests a late Proto-Indo-European pre-form *lósiwo-.^[2]^[3] Probably related to Proto-Slavic *lošь (“bad”), Tocharian B leswi (“attacks of weakness”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɑ.si.wɑz/

Adjective

*lasiwaz^[4]

strengthless, feeble, weak
Synonym: *laskwaz

Reconstruction notes

According to Kroonen, Old English lysu appears to derive from a zero-grade form *lusiwa-.^[1] On this basis, Derksen doubts the relation of the Old English term.^[5]

Declension

Declension of *lasiwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*lasiwaz	*lasiwō	*lasiwą, -atō	*lasiwai	*lasiwôz	*lasiwō
accusative	*lasiwanǭ	*lasiwǭ	*lasiwą, -atō	*lasiwanz	*lasiwōz	*lasiwō
genitive	*lasiwas, -is	*lasiwaizōz	*lasiwas, -is	*lasiwaizǫ̂	*lasiwaizǫ̂	*lasiwaizǫ̂
dative	*lasiwammai	*lasiwaizōi	*lasiwammai	*lasiwaimaz	*lasiwaimaz	*lasiwaimaz
instrumental	*lasiwanō	*lasiwaizō	*lasiwanō	*lasiwaimiz	*lasiwaimiz	*lasiwaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*lasiwô	*lasiwǭ	*lasiwô	*lasiwaniz	*lasiwōniz	*lasiwōnō
accusative	*lasiwanų	*lasiwōnų	*lasiwô	*lasiwanunz	*lasiwōnunz	*lasiwōnō
genitive	*lasiwiniz	*lasiwōniz	*lasiwiniz	*lasiwanǫ̂	*lasiwōnǫ̂	*lasiwanǫ̂
dative	*lasiwini	*lasiwōni	*lasiwini	*lasiwammaz	*lasiwōmaz	*lasiwammaz
instrumental	*lasiwinē	*lasiwōnē	*lasiwinē	*lasiwammiz	*lasiwōmiz	*lasiwammiz

Derived terms

*lasiwą
*lasiwjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *lasiu
- Old English: lesu, *liesu, lysu
  - ⇒ Old English: lyswen, lyssen
- Old High German: *leso; *leswēn, *irleswēn
  - Middle High German: erleswen, erlesewen
Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌹𐍅𐍃 (lasiws)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*lasiwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “leswi”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 609
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*losiṷo-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 637
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*lasiwa-”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 237
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lòšь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 285-286

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*lasiwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327

[Adams-2] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “leswi”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 609

[EIEC-3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*losiṷo-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 637

[HGE-4] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*lasiwa-”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 237

[Derksen-5] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lòšь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 285-286

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