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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnestei, from Proto-Indo-European *gnét-ti, from *gnet-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *knudaną.
Verb
*gnestì impf[1][2]
- to press
- to knead
Inflection
Conjugation of
*gnesti, *gnete, *gnetetь (
impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
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Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *gnetenьje
|
*gnesti
|
*gnestъ
|
*gnetlъ
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|
|
Participles
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| Tense
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Past
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Present
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| Passive
|
*gnetenъ
|
*gnetomъ
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| Active
|
*gnetъ
|
*gnety
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gnet(ox)ъ |
*gnete |
*gnete
|
*gnetǫ |
*gneteši |
*gnetetь
|
| Dual
|
*gnet(ox)ově |
*gnet(e/os)ta |
*gnet(e/os)te
|
*gnetevě |
*gneteta |
*gnetete
|
| Plural
|
*gnet(ox)omъ |
*gnet(e/os)te |
*gnetǫ, *gnetošę
|
*gnetemъ |
*gnetete |
*gnetǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*gnetěaxъ |
*gnetěaše |
*gnetěaše
|
— |
*gneti |
*gneti
|
| Dual
|
*gnetěaxově |
*gnetěašeta |
*gnetěašete
|
*gnetěvě |
*gnetěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*gnetěaxomъ |
*gnetěašete |
*gnetěaxǫ
|
*gnetěmъ |
*gnetěte |
—
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Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гнести (gnesti)
- Belarusian: гне́сці (hnjésci)
- Russian: гнести́ (gnestí)
- Ukrainian: гнести́ (hnestý)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: гнести (gnesti)
- Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⰵⱄⱅⰻ (gnesti)
- Bulgarian: гнетя̀ (gnetjà)
- Macedonian: гнете (gnete)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Serbo-Croatian: гњѐсти
- Serbo-Croatian: gnjèsti
- Slovene: gnésti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hňésti
- Polabian: gnest
- Old Polish:
- Polish: gnieść
- Silesian: gniyś
- Pomeranian:
- Kashubian: gniesc
- Slovincian: gnjêsc
- Slovak: hniesť
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гнету́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “гнести́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 195
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gnesti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 165
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gnestì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168: “v. (c) ‘knead, press’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “gnesti: gnetǫ gnetetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c trykke (PR 139)”