Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/galъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

    Uncertain. Sparsely attested, mainly in toponyms and derived terms.

    If the color association is derived from the name of the jay, jackdow bird (and not vice versa), it is possible that the root is of onomatopoeic nature, related to *gavati (“to bark”), *gajati (“to croak”), *gakati (“to caw”). Compare regional *gaga (“jay”).

    Adjective

    *galъ

    2. dark, murky, swarty
    3. black (for animals, places)
      Synonym: *vornъ
    Inflection
    Indefinite declension of *galъ (hard)
    singular masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *galъ *gala *galo
    genitive *gala *galy *gala
    dative *galu *galě *galu
    accusative *galъ *galǫ *galo
    instrumental *galomь *galojǫ *galomь
    locative *galě *galě *galě
    vocative *gale *galo *galo
    dual masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *gala *galě *galě
    genitive *galu *galu *galu
    dative *galoma *galama *galoma
    accusative *gala *galě *galě
    instrumental *galoma *galama *galoma
    locative *galu *galu *galu
    vocative *gala *galě *galě
    plural masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *gali *galy *gala
    genitive *galъ *galъ *galъ
    dative *galomъ *galamъ *galomъ
    accusative *galy *galy *gala
    instrumental *galy *galami *galy
    locative *galěxъ *galaxъ *galěxъ
    vocative *gali *galy *gala
    Definite declension of *galъ (hard)
    singular masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *galъjь *galaja *galoje
    genitive *galajego *galyję̇ *galajego
    dative *galujemu *galěji *galujemu
    accusative *galъjь *galǫjǫ *galoje
    instrumental *galyjimь *galǫjǫ *galyjimь
    locative *galějemь *galěji *galějemь
    vocative *galъjь *galaja *galoje
    dual masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *galaja *galěji *galěji
    genitive *galuju *galuju *galuju
    dative *galyjima *galyjima *galyjima
    accusative *galaja *galěji *galěji
    instrumental *galyjima *galyjima *galyjima
    locative *galuju *galuju *galuju
    vocative *galaja *galěji *galěji
    plural masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *galiji *galyję̇ *galaja
    genitive *galъjixъ *galъjixъ *galъjixъ
    dative *galyjimъ *galyjimъ *galyjimъ
    accusative *galyję̇ *galyję̇ *galaja
    instrumental *galyjimi *galyjimi *galyjimi
    locative *galyjixъ *galyjixъ *galyjixъ
    vocative *galiji *galyję̇ *galaja
    Derived terms
    • *gaľa (“black fem. animal (sheep, hen, bitch)”)
    • *galica (“chough”)
    • *galъka (“jackdaw”)
    • *galębъ, *galǫbъ (“gull”)
    • *galovъ (“dark, murky”)
    Descendants
    • East Slavic:
      • ⇒ Ukrainian: галь (halʹ, “herd of jays”) (dialectal)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic: галъ (galŭ)
      • Bulgarian: гал m (gal, “jackdaw”)
        • ⇒ Bulgarian: Галиче (Galiče), Галатски рид (Galatski rid), Галовo (Galovo), Галова падина (Galova padina) (toponyms)
      • Macedonian: гал (gal) (dialectal)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: га̏о, га̑л (dialectal, dated)
        Latin script: gȁo, gȃl (dialectal, dated)
        ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: gala (“bird with black coloration”) (Croatian, archaic)
      • Slovene: gàl
    • West Slavic:
      • Czech: gał (“pitch”) (dialectal)
    See also
    Colors in Proto-Slavic · *mȃsti (layout · text)
         *bělъ
    (of animals) *bronъ     		     *sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ      *čьrnъ, *smaglъ, *smǫglъ
    (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ
                 *čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ              *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ
    (of animals) *gnědъ     		             *žьltъ
    (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ
                 *zelenъ              *zelenъ, *grěnъ             
                              *polvъ              *siňь; *modrъ
                 *slivъ              *bagrъ             

    Further reading

    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “галка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*galъ II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 96
    • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гал”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 225
    • Maya Vlahova-Angelova (2014), “Цветовете в Българската топонимия”, in „Известия“, книга XXVII‎[1], Institute of Bulgarian Language at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, pages 130-159

    Etymology 2

      From Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout, cry”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *galaną.

      Noun

      *galъ m

      2. noise
      Inflection
      Declension of *galъ (hard o-stem)
      singular dual plural
      nominative *galъ *gala *gali
      genitive *gala *galu *galъ
      dative *galu *galoma *galomъ
      accusative *galъ *gala *galy
      instrumental *galъmь, *galomь* *galoma *galy
      locative *galě *galu *galěxъ
      vocative *gale *gala *gali

      * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

      Derived terms
      • *galъda
      • *galъděti
      Descendants
      • East Slavic:
        • ⇒ Russian: галде́ть (galdétʹ), га́лда́ (gáldá), га́литься (gálitʹsja)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: галді́ти (haldíty), гала́й (haláj), гала́кати (halákaty)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: га́лас (hálas)
        • ⇒ Belarusian: га́лас (hálas)
      • West Slavic:
        • ⇒ Polish: gałda, gałuszyć

      Further reading

      • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “галда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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