Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʰel-^[1]

to call
to chant
to shout

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰel- (14 c, 0 e)

*gʰol-éye-ti (causative)^[1]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *galiti (see there for further descendants)
*gʰól-e-ti (o-grade intensive)^[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *galaną (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galdraz (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galstrą
    - Old High German: galstar
      - Middle High German: galster
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlaz
    - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlijaną (see there for further descendants)
    - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzgōlaz
*gʰl̥-néh₂-ti (néh₂-present)
- Proto-Albanian: *galda
  - Albanian: galdoj
- Proto-Germanic: *gullōną (see there for further descendants)
*gʰel-n- (possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti)^[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *gellaną (see there for further descendants)
*gʰel-gʰel-^[1]
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: գեղգեղեմ (gełgełem)
    - Armenian: գեղգեղել (geġgeġel)
- Hittite: [script needed] (galgal-ināi-, “to make a musical sound”)
*gʰōl-i-^[1]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *galьnъ (“cared for, pet”)
    - ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *galьba (“caress”)

Unsorted formations

Armenian:
- Old Armenian: գեղ-օն (geł-ōn), գեղաւն (geławn)
  - → Armenian: գեղոն (geġon) (learned)
Greek:
- Ancient Greek: χεῖλ-ος (kheîl-os), χῆλος (khêlos) — Doric, χέλλος (khéllos) — Aeolic
  - Greek: χείλος (cheílos)
  - ⇒ Translingual: Rhacochilus
Proto-Slavic: *galъ (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*galan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164: “*gʰel-”

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*galan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164: “*gʰel-”

[1]