Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žeravь

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žeravъ
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably derived from an earlier consonant stem noun Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂ōws ~ gr̥h₂-w-es, from root *gerh₂- (“to croak”). Cognate with Lithuanian gérvė, Latvian dzērve, Old Prussian gerwe.

Szemerényi had earlier proposed a compound *gerh₂- (“croaky”) +‎ *h₂éwis (“bird”). Favoured by Gąsiorowski.

Noun

*žeravь m[1][2]

  1. crane (bird of family Gruidae)

Declension

Originally:

Declension of *žȅravь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *žȅravь *žȅravi *žȅravьjē, *žȅravľē*
genitive *žeraví *žeravьjù, *žeravľu* *žeravь̀jь
dative *žȅravi *žeravьmà *žȅravьmъ
accusative *žȅravь *žȅravi *žȅravi
instrumental *žȅravьmь *žeravьmà *žeravьmì
locative *žeraví *žeravьjù, *žeravľu* *žȅravьxъ
vocative *žeravi *žȅravi *žȅravьjē, *žȅravľē*

* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Later, reanalyzed as an o-stem or jo-stem among daughter languages. See literature for further details.

Alternative forms

Descendants

As a genuine i-stem *žeravь:

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: журавь (žuravĭ)
    • Old Novgorodian: жеравь (žeravĭ)

As a secondary o-stem *žeravъ (or *žerava f as in Sorbian):

  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: жо́раў (žóraw) (dialectal)
    • Russian: жёрав (žórav), жара́в (žaráv) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: жура́в (žuráv) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: žeráv, žeráb
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: żorôw
      • Slovincian: žôrôù
    • Slovak: žeriav
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: žorawa f
      • Upper Sorbian: žeraw

References

  1. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “žerjàv”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *žeravь̏, *žeravl'ь̏”
  2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “žeravь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558: “m. jo ‘crane’”

Further reading

  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жерав”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 536
  • Anikin, A. E. (2022), “жёрав”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 16 (ерепениться – житьё), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 249
  • Kortlandt, F. (1985), “Long vowels in Balto-Slavic”, in Baltistica‎[1], volume XXI, number 2, →DOI, page 120
  • Dybo, Vladimir (2002), “Balto-Slavic Accentology and Winter's Law”, in Studia Linguarum, volume 3, Moscow, page 342 of 295–515
  • Gąsiorowski, P. (2013), “Gruit grus: The Indo-European names of the crane”, in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia‎[2], volume 18, →DOI, pages 51-68
  • Jasanoff, Jay (2017), The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 17), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 90-91
  • Kortlandt, F. (2018), “The Balto-Slavic word for ‘Crane’ and its cognates”, in Baltistica‎[3], volume LIII, number 1, →DOI, pages 113-115
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