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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gémtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gem-. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek γέντο (génto, “grasped”), Norwegian kumla (“to knead, squeeze”).
Verb
*žęti[1][2]
- to press, squeeze
Conjugation
Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьmetь (?, -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žętьje
|
*žęti
|
*žętъ
|
*žęlъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žętъ
|
*žьmomъ
|
| Active
|
*žьmъ
|
*žьmy
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žęsъ |
*žę |
*žę
|
*žьmǫ |
*žьmeši |
*žьmetь
|
| Dual
|
*žęsově |
*žęsta |
*žęste
|
*žьmevě |
*žьmeta |
*žьmete
|
| Plural
|
*žęsomъ |
*žęste |
*žęsę
|
*žьmemъ |
*žьmete |
*žьmǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žьměaxъ |
*žьměaše |
*žьměaše
|
— |
*žьmi |
*žьmi
|
| Dual
|
*žьměaxově |
*žьměašeta |
*žьměašete
|
*žьměvě |
*žьměta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žьměaxomъ |
*žьměašete |
*žьměaxǫ
|
*žьměmъ |
*žьměte |
—
|
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: жѧти (žęti) (Serbian)
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: жаць (žacʹ)
- Russian: жать (žatʹ)
- Ukrainian: жа́ти (žáty)
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: жумя́ (žumjá)
- Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete)
- Cyrillic script: же̏ти
- Latin script: žȅti
- Slovene: žẹ́ti (tonal orthography) (rare)
- ⇒ Slovene: ožẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žieti
- Polish: żąć (obsolete)
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: žimać
- Lower Sorbian: žimaś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Etymology 2
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gínˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰén-ye-ti, from *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”). No exact cognates in Baltic, but related to Lithuanian genė́ti (“to prune, hem”), Latvian dzenêt (“to prune, hem”).
Verb
*žę̀ti[3][4]
- to reap, mow
Conjugation
Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьňetь (?, -unknown-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žętьje
|
*žęti
|
*žętъ
|
*žęlъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žętъ
|
*žьňemъ
|
| Active
|
*žьnъ
|
*žьňę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žęsъ |
*žę |
*žę
|
*žьňǫ |
*žьňeši |
*žьňetь
|
| Dual
|
*žęsově |
*žęsta |
*žęste
|
*žьňevě |
*žьňeta |
*žьňete
|
| Plural
|
*žęsomъ |
*žęste |
*žęsę
|
*žьňemъ |
*žьňete |
*žьňǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žьněaxъ |
*žьněaše |
*žьněaše
|
— |
*žьňi |
*žьňi
|
| Dual
|
*žьněaxově |
*žьněašeta |
*žьněašete
|
*žьňivě |
*žьňita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žьněaxomъ |
*žьněašete |
*žьněaxǫ
|
*žьňimъ |
*žьňite |
—
|
Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьnetь (?, -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *žętьje
|
*žęti
|
*žętъ
|
*žęlъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*žętъ
|
*žьnomъ
|
| Active
|
*žьnъ
|
*žьny
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žęsъ |
*žę |
*žę
|
*žьnǫ |
*žьneši |
*žьnetь
|
| Dual
|
*žęsově |
*žęsta |
*žęste
|
*žьnevě |
*žьneta |
*žьnete
|
| Plural
|
*žęsomъ |
*žęste |
*žęsę
|
*žьnemъ |
*žьnete |
*žьnǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*žьněaxъ |
*žьněaše |
*žьněaše
|
— |
*žьni |
*žьni
|
| Dual
|
*žьněaxově |
*žьněašeta |
*žьněašete
|
*žьněvě |
*žьněta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*žьněaxomъ |
*žьněašete |
*žьněaxǫ
|
*žьněmъ |
*žьněte |
—
|
Derived terms
- *žętva (“harvest”)
- *žьnъ (“harvest”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: жаць (žacʹ)
- Russian: жать (žatʹ)
- Ukrainian: жа́ти (žáty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: жѧти (žęti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: жъ́на (žǎ́na)
- Macedonian: жне́е (žnée)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: же̏ти
- Latin script: žȅti
- Slovene: žẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žieti
- Polish: żąć
- Old Slovak: žať, žeť
- Pannonian Rusyn: жац (žac)
- Slovak: žať
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: žeć, žnjeć
- Lower Sorbian: žeś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- “žęti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žęti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561: “v. (b) ‘press, squeeze’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “žęti: žьmǫ žьmetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b trykke (SA 203, 248, 251; PR 136)”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žę̀ti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561: “v. (b) ‘reap, mow’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “žęti: žьn[j]ǫ žьn[j]etь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b høste (SA 203, 212f., 248, 250; PR 136)”