Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsnъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From earlier *ěsknъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áiˀšknas. Morphologically equivalent to *ěska (“bright light”) + *-nъ. Akin with Lithuanian áiškus.
Further origin uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”).[1] Compare Tocharian B yesäñ, Thracian Αι̃νος (Aĩnos, “Aenus”) (town in Eastern Thrace).
Adjective
Inflection
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ěsnъ | *ěsna | *ěsno |
| genitive | *ěsna | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| dative | *ěsnu | *ěsně | *ěsnu |
| accusative | *ěsnъ | *ěsnǫ | *ěsno |
| instrumental | *ěsnomь | *ěsnojǫ | *ěsnomь |
| locative | *ěsně | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| vocative | *ěsne | *ěsno | *ěsno |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| genitive | *ěsnu | *ěsnu | *ěsnu |
| dative | *ěsnoma | *ěsnama | *ěsnoma |
| accusative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| instrumental | *ěsnoma | *ěsnama | *ěsnoma |
| locative | *ěsnu | *ěsnu | *ěsnu |
| vocative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ěsni | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| genitive | *ěsnъ | *ěsnъ | *ěsnъ |
| dative | *ěsnomъ | *ěsnamъ | *ěsnomъ |
| accusative | *ěsny | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| instrumental | *ěsny | *ěsnami | *ěsny |
| locative | *ěsněxъ | *ěsnaxъ | *ěsněxъ |
| vocative | *ěsni | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnaja | *ěsnoje |
| genitive | *ěsnajego | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnajego |
| dative | *ěsnujemu | *ěsněji | *ěsnujemu |
| accusative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnǫjǫ | *ěsnoje |
| instrumental | *ěsnyjimь | *ěsnǫjǫ | *ěsnyjimь |
| locative | *ěsnějemь | *ěsněji | *ěsnějemь |
| vocative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnaja | *ěsnoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| genitive | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju |
| dative | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima |
| accusative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| instrumental | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima |
| locative | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju |
| vocative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ěsniji | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnaja |
| genitive | *ěsnъjixъ | *ěsnъjixъ | *ěsnъjixъ |
| dative | *ěsnyjimъ | *ěsnyjimъ | *ěsnyjimъ |
| accusative | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnaja |
| instrumental | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnyjimi |
| locative | *ěsnyjixъ | *ěsnyjixъ | *ěsnyjixъ |
| vocative | *ěsniji | *ěsnyję̇ | *ěsnaja |
Alternative forms
- *ěsьnъ, *jasьnъ (reanalyzed at later times)
Derived terms
- *ěsno n (“clear sky”)
- Czech: jasno
- *ěsniti (“to make clear”)
- *ěsněti (“to be clear, visible”)
- *ěsъ, *ěsa (“clarity”) (back-formation)
- *ěsnota, *ěsnostь (“clarity”)
- *ěsninа (“clear sky”)
Related terms
- *ěska (“bright light, star”)
- *jьskra (“spark”)
- *jьskrъ, *ěskrъ, *ěskravъ (“bright, brilliant”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
See also
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “я́сный”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěsknъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 51
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “ясный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 474
- ясний in Горох.ua (етимологія)
- “aiškus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̀snъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153: “adj. o (a) ‘clear’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “jasen”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ě̋snъ, *ja̋snъ”