Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ɢʷra

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology 1

    Reconstruction

    A rather isolated word within Sino-Tibetan; only attested in Tibetan and Chinese.

    Schuessler (2024) notes that, while 樺's phonetic 華 had once written words with *wr- (equivalent ordinarily to voiced labiouvulars followed by *-r- in Baxter-Sagart's system), 樺 was attested late when *wr‑ and *gwr‑ had merged into Han *ɣw-.[1] So 樺 and གྲོ་ག (gro ga) can also descend from *gʷra.

    Noun

    *ɢʷra

    1. birch
    Descendants
    • Chinese: 樺 / 桦 (OC *N-qʷʰˤra(-s) (B-S)) (see there for further descendants)
    • Bodish
      • Tibetic
        • Tibetan: གྲོ་ག (gro ga, “birch, birch bark”)

    Etymology 2

      Reconstruction

      • Proto-Sino-Tibetan:
        • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s-wa (Matisoff, 2003; STEDT)

      Verb

      *ɢʷra

      1. to go
      Descendants
      • Chinese: 于 (OC /*ɢʷ(r)a/ (B-S)) (Classical)
      • Proto-Bodish: *(gʷ)ra
      • Lolo-Burmese
      • Jingpho-Asakian
        • Jingpho: wa (“to be in motion, become”)
      • Proto-Central Naga: *wa
        • Ao: (Chungli) ao, (Mongsen) wa
      • Proto-Tangkhulic: *wa
        • Tangkhul Naga: va
      • Chepangic
        • Chepang: वाह्‌सा
      • Kho-Bwa
        • Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *ɢrʷa

      References

      1. ^ Schuessler, Axel (2024), “Sino-Tibetan *w in Tibetan and Old Chinese”, in Language and Linguistics, volume 25, number 1, →DOI, page 91 of 80–122
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