Reconstruction:Proto-Saka/gēθa

This Proto-Saka entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Saka

Etymology

From Proto-Saka-Wakhi *ɣēθa, from Proto-Scythian *gēθā, from Proto-Iranian *gayHθáH (“(living) property; living beings, living world”).

Noun

*gēθa^[1]

property, estate
(in the plural) world, living beings

Descendants

→ Proto-Tocharian:
- → Tocharian B: keto (“property, estate”)
→ Proto-Tocharian: *śaẃəṣye (calque)^[2]
- → Tocharian A: śoṣi (“people”)
- → Tocharian B: śaiṣṣe (“world; people”)

References

^ Dragoni, Federico (2022) Watañi lāntaṃ: Khotanese and Tumshuqese loanwords in Tocharian (Thesis)‎^[1], Leiden University, page 98: “PTK *GĒΘA-”
^ Bernard, Chams Benoît (2025), Lubotsky, Alexander, Kloekhorst, Alwin, Tijmen, Pronk, editors, Like dust on the Silk Road: an investigation of the earliest Iranian loanwords and of possible BMAC borrowings in Tocharian (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 27), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 150-151: “PT *śaẃəṣye”

[1] Dragoni, Federico (2022) Watañi lāntaṃ: Khotanese and Tumshuqese loanwords in Tocharian (Thesis)‎^[1], Leiden University, page 98: “PTK *GĒΘA-”

[2] Bernard, Chams Benoît (2025), Lubotsky, Alexander, Kloekhorst, Alwin, Tijmen, Pronk, editors, Like dust on the Silk Road: an investigation of the earliest Iranian loanwords and of possible BMAC borrowings in Tocharian (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 27), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 150-151: “PT *śaẃəṣye”

[1]

[2]