Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/járati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárati.^[1]

Verb

*járati^[2]

(transitive) to vex, torment
(intransitive) to be angry, upset

Inflection

Root thematic present
Sing.	3rd	*járati
Plur.	3rd	*járanti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*járaH(mi)	*járam	—	*járaH(ni)	*járayam
	2nd	*járahi	*járah	*jára	*járaHah(i)	*járayš
	3rd	*járati	*járat	*járatu	*járaHat(i)	*járayt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*járaθHah	?	*járaθHam	?	?
	3rd	*járatah	*járatam	*járatām	*járaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*járāmah(i)	*járāma	—	*járaHama	*járayma
	2nd	*járaθHa	*járata	*járata	*járaHθaHa	*járayta
	3rd	*járanti	*járantu	*járantu	*járaHant(i)	*járayant
Participle		*járāh
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*járay	*járay	—	*járaHi	*járaya
	2nd	*járahay	*járaha	*járahwa	*járaHahay	*járayša
	3rd	*járatay	*járata	*járatām	*járaHatay	*járayta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*járayθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*járaytay	*járaytam	?	?	*járayātam
Plur.	1st	*járāmaday	*járāmadi	—	*járaHāmaday	*járaymadi
	2nd	*járadway	*járadwam	*járaydwam	*járaHadway	*járaydwam
	3rd	járantay, -aray	*járanta	*járantām	járaHantay, -aHaram	*járayanta
Participle		*járaHnah

Derived terms

*jartáh
*jarikah^[3]
- Parthian: (/⁠zarīg⁠/, “sorrow, suffering”)^[4]
  Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃 (zryg), 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫞 (zryq)
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠zarīg⁠/, “sorrow, suffering”)^[4]
    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃 (zryg)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlyk)
- Middle Persian: (“sorrow, suffering”) (inexistent? see rfv)
  Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫄 (dryɣ /⁠darīğ⁠/)
  - → Parthian: (“sorrow, suffering”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫃 (dryg /⁠darīg⁠/)

*jāráyati
*jr̥níš
*jr̥yáti (secondary imperfective)
- ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHjr̥yáti
- ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patijr̥yáti
  - Sogdian:
    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ptzyrtq /⁠patzēr-⁠/, 3sg.dur.pres.),^[5] [Syriac needed] (ptyzyr:nt /⁠patīzir-⁠/, “to torment, afflict”, 3pl.opt.impf.)^[6]^[7]
*patijárati
- Sogdian:
  Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ptzrtq /⁠patzar-⁠/, 3sg.dur.pres.)^[6]

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: (“to be angry”)
  Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaranimna, ptc.med.)^[8]
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: زورل (zorël, “to vex, torture”)^[6]

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “HAR¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 805: “*zarańiia°”
^ Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 32: “NWOIr. *zarika-”
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “zarH³ 'to bewail the deceased'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “ptzyr-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 327
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “zarH¹ 'to hurt, wound, anger'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “ptyzyr-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 326
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178: “jav. zaranimna- < *ȷ́ʰr̥(H)an-i̯a-m(H)na-”

[LIV_gheRH-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “HAR¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 805: “*zarańiia°”

[3] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 32: “NWOIr. *zarika-”

[Cheung_3-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “zarH³ 'to bewail the deceased'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470

[5] Gharib, B. (1995), “ptzyr-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 327

[Cheung_1-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “zarH¹ 'to hurt, wound, anger'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

[7] Gharib, B. (1995), “ptyzyr-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 326

[8] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178: “jav. zaranimna- < *ȷ́ʰr̥(H)an-i̯a-m(H)na-”

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