Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cáHsti
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćáHsti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱéh₁s-ti, from *ḱeh₁s- (“to proclaim, point out, instruct”) + *-ti (athematic present verb suffix).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit शास्ति (śā́sti, “to teach, instruct, command”), Tocharian A kāṣ- (“to call names”), Albanian them (“I say”).
Verb
*cáHsti[2]
Inflection
| Root athematic present | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *cáHsti | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *cHsánti, *cáHsati | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *cáHsmi | *cáHsam | — | *cáHsaH(ni) | *cHsyā́m |
| 2nd | *cáHsi | *cáHs | *cHzdí | *cáHsah(i) | *cHsyáHs, *cHsíHs | |
| 3rd | *cáHsti | *cáHst | *cáHstu | *cáHsat(i) | *cHsyáHt, *cHsíHt | |
| Dual | 1st | *cHswáhi | *cHswá | — | *cáHsāwa? | *cHsyáHwa?, *cHsiHwá? |
| 2nd | *cHsθHáh | *cHstám | *cáHstám? | *cáHsaθHah? | *cHsyáHtam, *cHsiHtám | |
| 3rd | *cHstáh | *cHstā́m? | *cáHstā́m? | *cáHsatah | *cHsyáHtām, *cHsiHtā́m | |
| Plur. | 1st | *cHsmáhi | *cáHsmá | — | *cáHsāma | *cHsyáHma?, *cHsiHmá? |
| 2nd | *cHsθHá | *cáHstá | *cHstá | *cáHsaθHa, *-ata | *cHzdHwáy, *cHsyáHta, *cHsiHtá | |
| 3rd | *cHsánti, *cáHsati | *cHsánt, *cáHsat | *cHsántu, *cáHsatu | *cáHsant(i) | *cHsyáHr̥(š), *-yáHant, *cHsiHŕ̥(š), *-íHat | |
| Participle | *cHsā́h | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *cHsáy | *cHsí | — | *cHsáHy, *-áHnay | *cHsiHá |
| 2nd | *cHsáy | *cHsá | *cHswá | *cHsáhay | *cHsiHsá | |
| 3rd | *cHstáy, *cHsáy | *cHstá | *cHstā́m | *cHsátay | *cHsiHtá | |
| Dual | 1st | *cHswádHay? | *cHswádHi | — | *cáHsāwádHay? | *cáHsiHwádHi? |
| 2nd | *cHsáθHay? | *cHsáθHām? | *cáHsáθHām? | *cáHsáyθHay? | *cáHsiHáθHām? | |
| 3rd | *cHsā́tay | *cHsā́tam | *cáHsā́tam | *cáHsáytay | *cáHsiHā́tam? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *cHsmáday | *cHsmádi | — | *cHsā́maday | *cHsiHmádHi |
| 2nd | *cHzdHwáy | *cHzdHwám | *cHzdHwám | *cHsádHway, *-ádHwam | *cHsiHdHwám? | |
| 3rd | *cHsatáy, *-āráy, *cHsráy | *cHsatá, *cHsrám | *cHsātā́m | *cHsántay | *cHsiHrám | |
| Participle | *cHsaHnáh | |||||
Descendants
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬍 (sāstī, “to teach, instruct”)
- Old Persian: 𐎰̄𐎫𐎹 (θ̄t-y /θātiy/, “to say”)
- Unsorted formations
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 318f
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326
- ^ Asatrjan, G. S. (2013), “Парфянское gōsān [Parthian gōsān]”, in С. Р. Тохтасьев, П. Б. Лурье, editors, Commentationes Iranicae. Сборник статей к 90-летию Владимира Ароновича Лившица[1] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, →ISBN, page 104 of 102–105