Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HgráHscati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HgráHsćati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁gr-éh₁ske-ti, from *h₁ger- (to wake up) +‎ *-éh₁sḱeti (éh₁ske-inchoative suffix).[1]

Verb

*HgráHscati[2]

  1. to wake up

Inflection

sca-present
Sing. 3rd *HgráHscati
Plur. 3rd *HgráHscanti
Active voice
Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
Sing. 1st *HgráHscaH(mi) *HgráHscam *HgráHscaH(ni) *HgráHscayam
2nd *HgráHscahi *HgráHscah *HgráHsca *HgráHscaHah(i) *HgráHscayš
3rd *HgráHscati *HgráHscat *HgráHscatu *HgráHscaHat(i) *HgráHscayt
Dual 1st ? ? ? ?
2nd *HgráHscaθHah ? *HgráHscaθHam ? ?
3rd *HgráHscatah *HgráHscatam *HgráHscatām *HgráHscaHtah ?
Plur. 1st *HgráHscāmah(i) *HgráHscāma *HgráHscaHama *HgráHscayma
2nd *HgráHscaθHa *HgráHscata *HgráHscata *HgráHscaHθaHa *HgráHscayta
3rd *HgráHscanti *HgráHscantu *HgráHscantu *HgráHscaHant(i) *HgráHscayant
Participle *HgráHscāh
Mediopassive voice
Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
Sing. 1st *HgráHscay *HgráHscay *HgráHscaHi *HgráHscaya
2nd *HgráHscahay *HgráHscaha *HgráHscahwa *HgráHscaHahay *HgráHscayša
3rd *HgráHscatay *HgráHscata *HgráHscatām *HgráHscaHatay *HgráHscayta
Dual 1st ? ? ? ?
2nd *HgráHscayθHay ? ? ? ?
3rd *HgráHscaytay *HgráHscaytam ? ? *HgráHscayātam
Plur. 1st *HgráHscāmaday *HgráHscāmadi *HgráHscaHāmaday *HgráHscaymadi
2nd *HgráHscadway *HgráHscadwam *HgráHscaydwam *HgráHscaHadway *HgráHscaydwam
3rd *HgráHscantay, *-aray *HgráHscanta *HgráHscantām *HgráHscaHantay, *-aHaram *HgráHscayanta
Participle *HgráHscaHnah

Derived terms

  • *HgráHscayati[2]
    • Khwarezmian: 𐾳𐾰𐿂𐾰𐾻 (ɣʾrʾk), 𐾽𐾳𐿂𐾰𐾿𐾺𐾴 (mɣrʾsyd, to wake up, 3sg.caus.-inch.impf.)
  • *wiHgráHscati[2]
    • Parthian: 𐫇𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫀 (wygrʾsʾ /⁠wiɣrāsā⁠/, 2sg.pres.subj.), 𐫇𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫘 (wygrʾs /⁠wiɣrās⁠/, 2sg.pres.impv.), 𐫇𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫏𐫅 (wygrʾsyd /⁠wiɣrāsēd⁠/, to wake, awaken, pl.impv.)
    • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wglʾsynd /⁠wigrāsēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.ind.)
  • *wiHgráHscayati[2]
    • Sogdian: 𐼴𐼲𐽀𐼷𐽁𐽂 (wɣryšt /⁠wiɣrēšt⁠/, 3sg.pres.caus.-inch.), 𐼴𐼲𐽀𐼷𐽁d𐼰𐽀 (wɣryšdʾr, 3sg.pret.caus.-inch.), 𐼴𐼷𐼲𐽀𐼷𐽁 (wyɣryš /⁠wiɣrēš⁠/), 𐼴𐼷𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼷𐼼 (wyɣrʾys /⁠wiɣrēs⁠/, to wake, arouse, caus.-inch.impf.)
    • Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫅 (wygrʾsynd /⁠wigrāsēnēd⁠/, 3sg.caus.pres.)

Descendants

  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khwarezmian: 𐾳𐿂𐾰𐾿 (ɣrʾs, inch.impv.), 𐾽𐾳𐿂𐾰𐾿𐿄 (mɣrʾst, to wake up, 3sg.inch.impf.)
    • Sogdian: (to wake)
      Sogdian script: 𐼴𐼷𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼼 (wyɣrʾs, 2sg.pres.intr./inch.impv.), 𐼴𐼷𐼲𐼰𐽀𐼰𐼼𐼰 (wyɣʾrʾsʾ, 3sg.pres.intr./inch.subj.)
      Syriac script: ܘܝܓ݂ܪܐܣܬܬ (wyɣr’stt /⁠wiɣrāst⁠/, 2pl.pres.intr./inch.impv.)

References

  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hgar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172-173
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*⁴gar- : ǰar-, *grā- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 165-168