Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HgráHscati
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HgráHsćati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁gr-éh₁ske-ti, from *h₁ger- (“to wake up”) + *-éh₁sḱeti (éh₁ske-inchoative suffix).[1]
Verb
*HgráHscati[2]
- to wake up
Inflection
| sca-present | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *HgráHscati | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *HgráHscanti | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *HgráHscaH(mi) | *HgráHscam | — | *HgráHscaH(ni) | *HgráHscayam |
| 2nd | *HgráHscahi | *HgráHscah | *HgráHsca | *HgráHscaHah(i) | *HgráHscayš | |
| 3rd | *HgráHscati | *HgráHscat | *HgráHscatu | *HgráHscaHat(i) | *HgráHscayt | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *HgráHscaθHah | ? | *HgráHscaθHam | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *HgráHscatah | *HgráHscatam | *HgráHscatām | *HgráHscaHtah | ? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *HgráHscāmah(i) | *HgráHscāma | — | *HgráHscaHama | *HgráHscayma |
| 2nd | *HgráHscaθHa | *HgráHscata | *HgráHscata | *HgráHscaHθaHa | *HgráHscayta | |
| 3rd | *HgráHscanti | *HgráHscantu | *HgráHscantu | *HgráHscaHant(i) | *HgráHscayant | |
| Participle | *HgráHscāh | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *HgráHscay | *HgráHscay | — | *HgráHscaHi | *HgráHscaya |
| 2nd | *HgráHscahay | *HgráHscaha | *HgráHscahwa | *HgráHscaHahay | *HgráHscayša | |
| 3rd | *HgráHscatay | *HgráHscata | *HgráHscatām | *HgráHscaHatay | *HgráHscayta | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *HgráHscayθHay | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *HgráHscaytay | *HgráHscaytam | ? | ? | *HgráHscayātam | |
| Plur. | 1st | *HgráHscāmaday | *HgráHscāmadi | — | *HgráHscaHāmaday | *HgráHscaymadi |
| 2nd | *HgráHscadway | *HgráHscadwam | *HgráHscaydwam | *HgráHscaHadway | *HgráHscaydwam | |
| 3rd | *HgráHscantay, *-aray | *HgráHscanta | *HgráHscantām | *HgráHscaHantay, *-aHaram | *HgráHscayanta | |
| Participle | *HgráHscaHnah | |||||
Derived terms
- *HgráHscayati[2]
- Khwarezmian: 𐾳𐾰𐿂𐾰𐾻 (ɣʾrʾk), 𐾽𐾳𐿂𐾰𐾿𐾺𐾴 (mɣrʾsyd, “to wake up”, 3sg.caus.-inch.impf.)
- *wiHgráHscati[2]
- Parthian: 𐫇𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫀 (wygrʾsʾ /wiɣrāsā/, 2sg.pres.subj.), 𐫇𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫘 (wygrʾs /wiɣrās/, 2sg.pres.impv.), 𐫇𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫏𐫅 (wygrʾsyd /wiɣrāsēd/, “to wake, awaken”, pl.impv.)
- Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wglʾsynd /wigrāsēnd/, 3pl.pres.ind.)
- *wiHgráHscayati[2]
- Sogdian: 𐼴𐼲𐽀𐼷𐽁𐽂 (wɣryšt /wiɣrēšt/, 3sg.pres.caus.-inch.), 𐼴𐼲𐽀𐼷𐽁d𐼰𐽀 (wɣryšdʾr, 3sg.pret.caus.-inch.), 𐼴𐼷𐼲𐽀𐼷𐽁 (wyɣryš /wiɣrēš/), 𐼴𐼷𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼷𐼼 (wyɣrʾys /wiɣrēs/, “to wake, arouse”, caus.-inch.impf.)
- Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫅 (wygrʾsynd /wigrāsēnēd/, 3sg.caus.pres.)
Descendants
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Khwarezmian: 𐾳𐿂𐾰𐾿 (ɣrʾs, inch.impv.), 𐾽𐾳𐿂𐾰𐾿𐿄 (mɣrʾst, “to wake up”, 3sg.inch.impf.)
- Sogdian: (“to wake”)
- Sogdian script: 𐼴𐼷𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼼 (wyɣrʾs, 2sg.pres.intr./inch.impv.), 𐼴𐼷𐼲𐼰𐽀𐼰𐼼𐼰 (wyɣʾrʾsʾ, 3sg.pres.intr./inch.subj.)
- Syriac script: ܘܝܓ݂ܪܐܣܬܬ (wyɣr’stt /wiɣrāst/, 2pl.pres.intr./inch.impv.)
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hgar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172-173
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*⁴gar- : ǰar-, *grā- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 165-168