Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/yaw-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Indo-European *yew- (“to connect”), and cognate with Lithuanian jáuti / jaũti (“to mix, mingle, blend”), Latvian jũtis (“place of joint, crossroads”). Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, yoke”) may be an extension of the root.[1][2][3]

    Root

    *yaw-[2]

    1. to bind, hold fast
    Descendants
    • Sanskrit: यु (yu, “to unite, bind”)
    • Avestan: 𐬫𐬎 (yu, “to bind, hold”)
      • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 (niiu, “to (re)bind, hold”)

    Etymology 2

      Traditionally considered a secondary derivation from Etymology 1, via the latter's prefixed formations (as a "de-binding"). However, Mayrhofer is skeptical due to the strong semantic divergence from Etymology 1, and separates the two roots.[4] Cheung critiques Mayrhofer's analysis, noting that "many of the derivative formations of yav² [sic] seem to be (relatively) late, hapax or nonce" (suggesting a secondary derivation), as well as Mayrhofer basing his argument on the supposed existence of a separate root for Etymology 2 in Proto-Indo-European, which does not seem to exist.[5][6]

      Root

      *yaw-[5]

      1. to separate, keep off
      Derived terms
      • *yu-yáw-ti (reduplicated present)
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yuyáwti
          • Sanskrit: युयोति (yuyóti)
      • *yusćati
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yuśćati
          • Sanskrit: युच्छति (yucchati)
      • *yutás (“separated”)
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yutás
          • Sanskrit: युतद्वेषस् (yutá-dveṣas, “separated from enemies”)
        • Proto-Iranian: *yutáh
          • Avestan: 𐬫𐬏𐬙𐬀 (yūta)
          • Middle Persian: [script needed] (ywdtʾ /⁠ǰud⁠/)
            • ⇒ Middle Persian: [script needed] (ywdtʾk' /⁠ǰudāg⁠/)
        • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíyutas
          • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíyutas
          • Proto-Iranian: *wíyutah
            • Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬙𐬀 (viiūta)
      Descendants
      • Sanskrit: यु (yu, “to separate”)

      References

      1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*i̯au1”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
      2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “yav [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 614-5
      3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 402-3
      4. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “YAV2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 403 of 403-4
      5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “yav [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 615
      6. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*i̯au2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 215-6
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