Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/mr̥Hdʰā́

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ.

Noun

*mr̥Hdʰā́ m

forehead, head

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥Hdʰā́	*mr̥Hdʰā́nā(w)	*mr̥Hdʰā́nas
vocative	*mŕ̥Hdʰan	*mŕ̥Hdʰānā(w)	*mŕ̥Hdʰānas
accusative	*mr̥Hdʰā́nam	*mr̥Hdʰā́nā(w)	*mr̥Hdʰnás
instrumental	*mr̥HdʰnáH	*mr̥Hdʰabʰyā́(m)	*mr̥Hdʰabʰíš
ablative	*mr̥Hdʰnás	*mr̥Hdʰabʰyā́(m)	*mr̥HdʰabʰyáH
dative	*mr̥Hdʰnáy	*mr̥Hdʰabʰyā́(m)	*mr̥HdʰabʰyáH
genitive	*mr̥Hdʰnás	*mr̥HdʰaHā́s	*mr̥HdʰnáHam
locative	*mr̥Hdʰáni	*mr̥HdʰaHáw	*mr̥Hdʰasú

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mr̥Hdʰā́
- Sanskrit: मूर्धन् (mūrdhán)
  - Dardic:
    - Chilisso: [script needed] (mudə)
    - Grangali: [script needed] (mūndə, “neck”)
    - Kalasha: mọn
    - Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (muda, “upwards”)
    - Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (mundā)
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Sinhalese: මුදුන (muduna)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
    - Assamese: মূধ (mudh, “ridge of the roof”)
    - Old Bengali: মোঢ (moḍha)
      - Middle Bengali: মোঢ় (mōṛh)
        Bengali: মোড় (mōṛ, “roadhead”)
        Bengali: মউড়া (mouṛa, “forefront”)
        Bengali: মুড়ো (muṛō, “terminal”)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: मूढ़ / 𑂧𑂴𑂜 (mūṛh, “root of sugarcane”)
      - Maithili: मूड़ / 𑒧𑒴𑒛𑓃 (mūṛ)
    - Odia: ମୁଣ୍ଡ (muṇḍa)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
    - Marathi: मुंढी (muṇḍhī)
  - Pali: muddhan
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
    - Garhwali: मुंड (muṇḍ)
    - Gujarati: મંડી (maṇḍī)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: मुढ (muḍh)
    - Kumaoni: मुंड (muṇḍ)
    - Nepali: मुंड (muṇḍa)
    - Punjabi: ਮੁੱਢ (muḍḍha), ਮੁੰਢ (muṇḍh)
    - Sindhi: मुण्ढु (muṇḍhu), मुण्ढी f (muṇḍhī)
Proto-Iranian: *mr̥Hdā́
- Avestan: *𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (*mər^əδa)
  - ⇒ Avestan: 𐬐𐬀-𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (ka-mər^əδa, “head (daevic)”)
    - → Middle Persian: (/⁠kamāl(ag)⁠/, “archdemon; head (daevic)”) (>*kamarθak > *kamaθrak > *kamahrak)
      Manichaean script: 𐫞𐫖𐫀𐫡 (qmʾr /⁠kamār⁠/, “head (of evil being)”)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kmʾł(k'))
      - → Persian: کماله (kamâle, “Zoroastrian archdemon class”)
  - ⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (kamala)
  - ⇒ Bactrian: καμιρδο (kamirdo, “chief god”)

- → Proto-Slavic:
  - East Slavic:
    - Russian: морда (morda)^[1]
  - West Slavic:
    - Czech: morda
    - Polish: morda
Proto-Nuristani: *mūndā
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: mǘn
    
    Kativiri: mín
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: múṇ (“rock”)
  - Tregami: mūdä (“neck”)

References

^ O.N. Trubachov (1965), “Из славяно-иранских лексических отношений”, in Труды по этимологии (in Russian)

[1] O.N. Trubachov (1965), “Из славяно-иранских лексических отношений”, in Труды по этимологии (in Russian)

[1]