मूर्धन्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- মূৰ্ধন্ (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬹᬃᬥᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
- মূর্ধন্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰠𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- မူရ်္ဓန် (Burmese script)
- મૂર્ધન્ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੂਰ੍ਧਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌧𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦹꦂꦣꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂡𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಮೂರ್ಧೝ (Kannada script)
- មូធ៌ន៑ (Khmer script)
- ມູຣ຺ຘນ຺ (Lao script)
- മൂര്ധന് (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᡠᡵᢡᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘠𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᠤᠷᢑᠾᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧕𑧈𑧠𑧀𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐢𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
- ମୂର୍ଧନ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢹꢬ꣄ꢤꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆣𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖠𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
- මූර්ධන් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩮𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚜𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
- மூர்த⁴ந் (Tamil script)
- మూర్ధౝ (Telugu script)
- มูรฺธนฺ (Thai script)
- མཱུ་རྡྷ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒡𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨜𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (kamərəδa, “head”), Old English molda, Tocharian A malto (“firstly”), and perhaps Ancient Greek βλωθρός (blōthrós, “high (of trees)”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /muːɾ.dʱɐ́n/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /muːɾ.d̪ʱɐn̪/
Noun
मू॒र्धन् • (mūrdhán) stem, m
- the forehead, skull, head
- (figurative) the top of something, apex, summit; beginning, first
- (geometry) the base
- (linguistics) the roof/top of the palate
- (Buddhism) a state of exaltation
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मू॒र्धा (mūrdhā́) | मू॒र्धानौ॑ (mūrdhā́nau) मू॒र्धाना॑¹ (mūrdhā́nā¹) |
मू॒र्धानः॑ (mūrdhā́naḥ) |
| accusative | मू॒र्धान॑म् (mūrdhā́nam) | मू॒र्धानौ॑ (mūrdhā́nau) मू॒र्धाना॑¹ (mūrdhā́nā¹) |
मू॒र्ध्नः (mūrdhnáḥ) |
| instrumental | मू॒र्ध्ना (mūrdhnā́) | मू॒र्धभ्या॑म् (mūrdhábhyām) | मू॒र्धभिः॑ (mūrdhábhiḥ) |
| dative | मू॒र्ध्ने (mūrdhné) | मू॒र्धभ्या॑म् (mūrdhábhyām) | मू॒र्धभ्यः॑ (mūrdhábhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मू॒र्ध्नः (mūrdhnáḥ) | मू॒र्धभ्या॑म् (mūrdhábhyām) | मू॒र्धभ्यः॑ (mūrdhábhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मू॒र्ध्नः (mūrdhnáḥ) | मू॒र्ध्नोः (mūrdhnóḥ) | मू॒र्ध्नाम् (mūrdhnā́m) |
| locative | मू॒र्ध्नि (mūrdhní) मू॒र्धनि॑ (mūrdháni) मू॒र्धन्¹ (mūrdhán¹) |
मू॒र्ध्नोः (mūrdhnóḥ) | मू॒र्धसु॑ (mūrdhásu) |
| vocative | मूर्ध॑न् (mū́rdhan) | मूर्धा॑नौ (mū́rdhānau) मूर्धा॑ना¹ (mū́rdhānā¹) |
मूर्धा॑नः (mū́rdhānaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- मूर्धन्य (mūrdhanya, “retroflex”)
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Chilisso: [script needed] (mudə)
- Grangali: [script needed] (mūndə, “neck”)
- Kalasha: mọn
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (muda, “upwards”)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (mundā)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: මුදුන (muduna)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
- Assamese: মূধ (mudh, “ridge of the roof”)
- Old Bengali: মোঢ (moḍha)
- Bihari:
- Bhojpuri: मूढ़ / 𑂧𑂴𑂜 (mūṛh, “root of sugarcane”)
- Maithili: मूड़ / 𑒧𑒴𑒛𑓃 (mūṛ)
- Odia: ମୁଣ୍ଡ (muṇḍa)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
- Marathi: मुंढी (muṇḍhī)
- Pali: muddhan
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “मूर्धन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 826/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mūrdhán”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 368
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 666