Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hrawpāćás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Alternative forms

*Hrawpaćás

Etymology

Perhaps from earlier *Hrāpāćás (with contamination by the root *Hraup- (“to break, tear, rob”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-), thematized from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lṓp-ēḱ-s ~ *h₂l̥p-ḱ-és (“fox”).^[1] Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), Lithuanian lãpė, Latvian lapsa, Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs).

Noun

*Hrawpāćás m^[2]

fox
Synonym: *Hláwpiš
jackal

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hrawpāćás	*Hrawpāćā́(w)	*Hrawpāćā́s(as)
vocative	*Hráwpāća	*Hráwpāćā(w)	*Hráwpāćās(as)
accusative	*Hrawpāćám	*Hrawpāćā́(w)	*Hrawpāćā́ns
instrumental	*HrawpāćáH	*Hrawpāćáybʰyā(m)	*Hrawpāćā́yš
ablative	*Hrawpāćā́t	*Hrawpāćáybʰyā(m)	*Hrawpāćáybʰyas
dative	*Hrawpāćā́y	*Hrawpāćáybʰyā(m)	*Hrawpāćáybʰyas
genitive	*Hrawpāćásya	*Hrawpāćáyās	*Hrawpāćā́naHam
locative	*Hrawpāćáy	*Hrawpāćáyaw	*Hrawpāćáyšu

Alternative reconstructions

*(H)rawpāćas^[1]
*lawpāćas, *lawpaćas^[3]

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawpāśás
- Sanskrit: लोपाश (lopāśá) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *Hrawpācáh (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Nuristani:
- Waigali: laüsa (borrowed from Iranian?)
→ Proto-Uralic: *repäć, *repäći (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Palmér, Axel; Jakob, Anthony; Thorsø, Rasmus; Paulus, van Sluis; Swanenvleugel, Cid; Kroonen, Guus (2021), “Proto-Indo-European ‘fox’ and the reconstruction of an athematic ḱ-stem”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎^[1], volume 9, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 234–263
^ Holopainen, Sampsa (2019), Indo-Iranian borrowings in Uralic: Critical overview of sound substitutions and distribution criterion‎^[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN, page 201
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “volpēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 688

[Palmer-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Palmér, Axel; Jakob, Anthony; Thorsø, Rasmus; Paulus, van Sluis; Swanenvleugel, Cid; Kroonen, Guus (2021), “Proto-Indo-European ‘fox’ and the reconstruction of an athematic ḱ-stem”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎^[1], volume 9, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 234–263

[2] Holopainen, Sampsa (2019), Indo-Iranian borrowings in Uralic: Critical overview of sound substitutions and distribution criterion‎^[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN, page 201

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “volpēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 688

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