Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swenh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *swenh₂-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

    1. to sound

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swenh₂- (13 c, 0 e)
    • *swḗnh₂-s-t ~ swénh₂-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[6]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
          • Sanskrit: स्वानीत् (svānīt)
    • *swénh₂-ti ~ swn̥h₂-énti (athematic root present)[6]
      • Proto-Italic: *swenō
        • Latin: sonō (“to sound”)
    • *swonh₂-éye-ti (iterative)[6]
      • Proto-Celtic: *swonnīti (geminate -nn- taken from the nasal present)
        • Proto-Brythonic:
          • Old Welsh:
            • Middle Welsh: honni (“to announce”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
          • Sanskrit: स्वनयति (svanayáti)
      • Proto-Italic: *swonaō[3]
        • Latin: sonō (“to sound”)
    • *swn̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *swn̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)
      • Proto-Celtic: *swannati (“to sound, play an instrument”)[5]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
        • Proto-Iranian:
          • Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (apaxᵛanuuaiṇti, “sound away”, 3pl.)
    • *swónh₂-os
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:[2] (possibly)
        • Proto-Slavic: *zvonъ (“sound”) (or from *ǵʰwon-os)
      • Proto-Germanic: *swanaz (“swan”)[4]
      • Proto-Italic: *swonos
        • Latin: sonus (“sound”) (or from *swenos < *swenh₂-os[7])
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: स्वनद्रथ (svanád-ratha, “having a rattling chariot”)
      • Proto-Iranian:
        • Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (xᵛanat̰-caxra, “with sounding wheels”)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Germanic: *swin-, *swen-
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swanH-
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swanH-
      • Proto-Iranian: *hwanH-
        • Old Persian:
          • Middle Persian:
            • Persian: خوان (xvân, “to read, recite”)

    References

    1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*hu̯anH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 144-145
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zvȏnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 550
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sonō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 574
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*swana-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*swan-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯enh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 611
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
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