Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péh₂sti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Athematic s-extended root present of *peh₂- (“to protect”).

    Verb

    *péh₂sti (imperfective)[1]

    1. to guard, to protect
    2. to shepherd

    Reconstruction notes

    The linguist Laura Grestenberger suggests that this term may have been an s-desiderative formation.[2]

    Conjugation

    Imperfective, athematic
    3rd singular *péh₂sti
    3rd plural *ph₂sénti
    Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *péh₂smi *péh₂sm̥ — *péh₂soh₂ *ph₂syéh₁m̥
    2nd singular *péh₂si *péh₂s *péh₂s, *ph₂sdʰí *péh₂sesi *ph₂syéh₁s
    3rd singular *péh₂sti *péh₂st *péh₂stu *péh₂seti *ph₂syéh₁t
    1st dual *ph₂swós *ph₂swé — *péh₂sowos *ph₂sih₁wé
    2nd dual *ph₂stés *ph₂stóm *ph₂stóm *péh₂setes *ph₂sih₁tóm
    3rd dual *ph₂stés *ph₂stā́m *ph₂stā́m *péh₂setes *ph₂sih₁tā́m
    1st plural *ph₂smós *ph₂smé — *péh₂somos *ph₂sih₁mé
    2nd plural *ph₂sté *ph₂sté *ph₂sté *péh₂sete *ph₂sih₁té
    3rd plural *ph₂sénti *ph₂sént *ph₂séntu *péh₂sonti *ph₂sih₁ént
    Participle *ph₂sónts
    Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *ph₂sh₂ér *ph₂sh₂é — *péh₂soh₂er *ph₂sih₁h₂é
    2nd singular *ph₂sth₂ér *ph₂sth₂é *ph₂só *péh₂seth₂er *ph₂sih₁th₂é
    3rd singular *ph₂stór, *ph₂sór *ph₂stó, *ph₂só *? *péh₂setor *ph₂sih₁tó, *ph₂sih₁ó
    1st dual *ph₂swósdʰh₂ *ph₂swédʰh₂ — *péh₂sowosdʰh₂ *ph₂sih₁wédʰh₂
    2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    1st plural *ph₂smósdʰh₂ *ph₂smédʰh₂ — *péh₂somosdʰh₂ *ph₂sih₁médʰh₂
    2nd plural *ph₂sdʰh₂wé *ph₂sdʰh₂wé *ph₂sdʰh₂wé *péh₂sedʰh₂we *ph₂sih₁dʰh₂wé
    3rd plural *ph₂sn̥tór, *ph₂srór *ph₂sn̥tó, *ph₂sró *? *péh₂sontor *ph₂sih₁ró
    Participle *ph₂sm̥h₁nós

    Derived terms

    • *ph₂-s-néw-ti ~ *ph₂-s-nw-énti[3]
      • Proto-Anatolian:
    • *peh₂-s-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁-stative over s-present)[4]
      • Proto-Italic: *pāzēō (see there for further descendants)
    • *p(e)h₂-sḱé-ti (*sḱé-present)[1][3] (analogically enlarged into a sḱe-present)
      • Proto-Italic: *pāskō
      • Proto-Tocharian: *pāsk-
        • Tocharian A: pās- (“to look after, guard”)
        • Tocharian B: pāsk- (“to protect”)
    • *péh₂-s-tōr ~ *ph₂-s-tr-és[1][3]
      • Proto-Italic: *pāstōr

    Descendants

    • Hittite: 𒉺𒄴𒊭𒊑 (pa-aḫ-ša-ri)[3]
    • Balto-Slavic: *pāˀstéi
      • Proto-Slavic: *pastì (“pasture, herd, feed”)[3] (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pāscō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 448
    2. ^ Grestenberger, Laura (2016), “Reconstructing Proto-Indo-European Deponents”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎[1], volume 4, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 114-115
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “paḫš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 612-613
    4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pāreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445
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