Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷem-^[1]^[2]

to swallow

Usage notes

Though the EIEC considers it likely that this root existed at the Proto-Indo-European level, it does allow for the possibility of two separate onomatopoeic formations in different Indo-European branches.^[2]

Root extensions

*kʷem-dʰ-?^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷentʰō?
  - Ancient Greek: τένθω (ténthō)?
    - ⇒? Ancient Greek: τένθης (ténthēs, “gourmand”)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷem- (2 c, 0 e)

*kʷém-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čámati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćámati
    - Sanskrit: चम॑ति (cámati)
*kʷḗmti ~ *kʷémn̥ti (Narten-type present)
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Icelandic: hvoma
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: आचा॑मति (ā́cāmati)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬨𐬁𐬝 (ašamāt̰)
*n̥-kʷm-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - >? Ancient Greek: ἄκμα (ákma)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: քիմք (kʻimkʻ)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čam-
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćam-
  - Sanskrit: चम् (cam)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^u̯em-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 389
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*k^wem-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 175
^ Roberto Batisti (1 October 2022), “The root of all gluttony: Greek τένθης ‘gourmand, glutton’, τέμω ‘to swallow’, πάθνη ‘manger’ and Latin condiō ‘to season food’”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎^[1], volume 127, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 283–306: “If the derivational basis of τένθης (ténthēs) was an unattested present stem *τενθε/ο- (*tenthe/o-) ‘to eat greedily, gorge on food’, one could then reconstruct a pre-form *kʷem-dʰe/o- derived from *kʷem- by addition of the detransitivizing present-forming morpheme -θε/ο- < *dʰe/o.”

Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 640
Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 408: “There are fewer distinctions in the meanings descended from *kʷem- ‘swallow’ (e.g. Icelandic hvōma ‘swallow’, Arm k‘imk‘ ‘throat’, Av a-šam- ‘sip’, Skt cā́mati ‘swallows’)”

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^u̯em-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 389

[EIEC-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*k^wem-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 175

[3] Roberto Batisti (1 October 2022), “The root of all gluttony: Greek τένθης ‘gourmand, glutton’, τέμω ‘to swallow’, πάθνη ‘manger’ and Latin condiō ‘to season food’”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎^[1], volume 127, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 283–306: “If the derivational basis of τένθης (ténthēs) was an unattested present stem *τενθε/ο- (*tenthe/o-) ‘to eat greedily, gorge on food’, one could then reconstruct a pre-form *kʷem-dʰe/o- derived from *kʷem- by addition of the detransitivizing present-forming morpheme -θε/ο- < *dʰe/o.”

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