Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂wl̥p-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂wl̥p-

fox

Derived terms

*h₂wl̥p-(i)-
- ⇒? Proto-Anatolian: (or from *wĺ̥kʷos?^[1])
  - Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠ulip(a)n(a)-⁠/, “wolf”)
  - Luwian: [Term?] (/⁠walipna/i-⁠/), [Term?] (/⁠ulipna/i-⁠/, “wolf”)
*h₂wl̥p-(e)i-
- ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *welpinā, ⇒ *dzelpinā
  - Albanian: dhelpër (“fox”)
*h₂wl̥p-i-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lupiš^[2] (with metathesis)
  - Proto-Iranian: *lupiš (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *wolpis (“fox”) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂wl̥p-iḱ-yós
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wilpiśjás (“wild cat”) (see there for further descendants)
  - →? Proto-Uralic: *(w)ülpisi
    - >? Proto-Finnic: *ilbes (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)
    - >? Proto-Samic: *ëlpës (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂(w)lṓp- (lengthened o-grade via schwebeablaut) (or separate root *h₂lop-)
- *h₂(w)lop-ih₂
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lapīˀ, ⇒ *lapijāˀ (“fox”) (see there for further descendants)
- *h₂(w)lop-ḱ-eh₂
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lapśāˀ (“fox”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ^? ⇒ *h₂(w)le-i-p-ḱ-eh₂
    - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *leipśāˀ (“fox”) (see there for further descendants)
- *h₂(w)lop-erno-
  - Proto-Celtic: *loɸernos (“fox”) (see there for further descendants)
- *h₂(w)lōp-ēḱ-s
  - Proto-Armenian: *alōpekú(s)
    - Old Armenian: աղուէս (ałuēs, “fox”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Hellenic: *alōpēks
    - Ancient Greek: ᾰ̓λώπηξ (ălṓpēx, “fox”) (see there for further descendants)
  - >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrawpāćás (“jackal, fox”) (influenced by *Hrewp-?) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂le-w-p-
- ⇒ *h₂léwp-i-s
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hláwpiš (“fox”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Tischler, Johann (2010–2016), Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 20) (in German), volume IV, Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, page 42
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “volpēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 688: “IIr. *lupi-”

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “u̯l̥p-, lup-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1179
Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*u̯l(o)p-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 212: “‘(red) fox (Vulpes vulpes)’ ?+ ‘corsac fox (Vulpes corsac)’”
Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*wl(o)p-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 138
Watkins, Calvert (1985), “wl̥p-ē-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, page 78
Gamkrelidze, Th. V.; Ivanov, V. V. (1995), “wl̥pʰ-”, in Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 432 of 432, 433
de Vaan, Michiel (2000), “The Indo-Iranian animal suffix *-āćá-”, in Indo-Iranian Journal, volume 43, number 3, Brill, →JSTOR, pages 279-293

Palmér, Axel; Jakob, Anthony; Thorsø, Rasmus; Paulus, van Sluis; Swanenvleugel, Cid; Kroonen, Guus (2021), “Proto-Indo-European ‘fox’ and the reconstruction of an athematic ḱ-stem”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎^[1], volume 9, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 234–263

[1] Tischler, Johann (2010–2016), Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 20) (in German), volume IV, Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, page 42

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “volpēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 688: “IIr. *lupi-”

[1]

[2]

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

References

Further reading