Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂érh₃trom

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) +‎ *-trom (instrumental suffix).

    Noun

    *h₂érh₃trom n (non-ablauting)[4][3][5][6][7]

    1. plough, ard

    Inflection

    Thematic
    singular
    nominative *h₂érh₃trom
    genitive *h₂érh₃trosyo
    singular dual plural
    nominative *h₂érh₃trom *h₂érh₃troy(h₁) *h₂érh₃treh₂
    vocative *h₂érh₃trom *h₂érh₃troy(h₁) *h₂érh₃treh₂
    accusative *h₂érh₃trom *h₂érh₃troy(h₁) *h₂érh₃treh₂
    genitive *h₂érh₃trosyo *? *h₂érh₃troHom
    ablative *h₂érh₃tread *? *h₂érh₃tromos, *h₂érh₃trobʰos
    dative *h₂érh₃troey *? *h₂érh₃tromos, *h₂érh₃trobʰos
    locative *h₂érh₃trey, *h₂érh₃troy *? *h₂érh₃troysu
    instrumental *h₂érh₃troh₁ *? *h₂érh₃trōys

    Descendants

    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *árˀtla (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *aratrom (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *arþrą (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *árotron (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic:
      • Latin: arātrum (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Collins, Daniel (2017–2018), “Chapter XIII: Slavic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Slavic, page 1509
    2. ^ Jasanoff, Jay (2017), The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 17), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 108
    4. ^ Lundquist, Jesse; Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2095
    5. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011), Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 36
    6. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 56
    7. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 323
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