Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gleyH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *gleyH-[1]

    1. to smear, putty
    2. to stick, glue

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gleyH- (4 c, 0 e)
    • *gléyH-ti (athematic root present)[2]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀtei
        • Lithuanian: gliejù, gliẽti (“to smear, putty”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHiti
        • Proto-Iranian: *gráHitī
          • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (γrcy-, “to roll; to smear with clay”)
    • *gli-né-H-ti ~ *gli-n-H-énti (nasal infix present)[3][1][5][6]
      • Proto-Celtic: *glinati (“to glue”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *klinaną (“to smear, stick”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *gléyH-neh₂[5][7][8]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀnāˀ (“clay”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *gléyH-n̥ ~ *gliH-én-s[5]
    • *gleyH-wéh₂[9][10][11]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀwāˀ (“slime, fungus”)
        • Latvian: glīve
        • Lithuanian: gleīvės
        • Proto-Slavic: *glìva (“fungus”) (see there for further descendants)
        • → Proto-Finnic: *liiva (“slime”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *klīwō[9]
        • Old High German: klīwa, klīa, klīga
          • Middle High German: klīwe, klīe
            • German: Kleie (“bran”)
    • *gléyH-o-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHyas
        • Proto-Iranian: *gráHyah[12]
          • Shughni: [script needed] (jiray, “pottery clay”)
          • Yidgha: [script needed] (γuroi, “clay, earth, mud”)
    • *gl̥Hí-h₂
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: γλία (glía, “glue”)
    • *gl̥Hy-ó-s[13]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *glьjь (“clay, loam”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *gl̥Hi-t-tó-s[14]
      • Proto-Italic: *glittos
        • Latin: glittus (“sticky, cohesive”)
    • *gl̥Hi-t-us
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glitus
        • Latvian: glits, glîts (“slippery”)
        • Lithuanian: glitùs (“sticky”), (dialectal) glytùs
    • *gliH-yó-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *griHyás
        • Proto-Iranian: *griHyáh[15][12]
          • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (γг’h, “clay, dirt”)
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (grīha-)
          • Sogdian: [script needed] (γг’у, “mud, clay, pottery”)
    • *gloyH-d-ó-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *gloidos (see there for further descendants)
    • *glóyH-mo-s[14]
      • Proto-Germanic: *klaimaz (“clay, mortar”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *klaimijaną (“to smear with clay, mortar”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *gloyH-ni-s[16]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gláiˀnis
        • Proto-Slavic: *glěnь (“clay, loam”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *glóyH-t-n̥ ~ *gl̥iH-t-én-s (“slime, glue”)[14]
      • Proto-Italic: *gloiten (“clay, mortar”)[14]
        • Latin: glūten (see there for further descendants)
    • *glóyH-to-m
      • Proto-Germanic: *klaiþą (see there for further descendants)
    • *gloyH-wó-s (“sticky; sticky substance”)[4][17][5][18]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gláiˀwa
        • Proto-Slavic: *glěvъ (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: γλοιός (gloiós) (< earlier *γλοιϝός (*gloiwós) or *γλοιι̯ός (*gloii̯ós) (for which see below))[3][5]
    • *gloyH-y-ó-s[9]
      • Proto-Germanic: *klajjaz (“clay”)[3][9] (or from *gloh₁i-wó-s above)
        • Proto-West Germanic: *klaij (“clay”)
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Albanian: *gleitja (< *gley-t-y-)
      • ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *en-gleitja[19]
        • Albanian: ngjis (“to stick to, glue”)
    • Proto-Albanian: *glitja
      • ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *en-glitja
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Lydian: 𐤨𐤷𐤦𐤣𐤠 (kλida, “earth”) (probably)
    • >? Proto-Armenian:

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glieti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183: “*gleh₁i-”
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “glei”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 362–364
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fick, August (1890–1909), “glei-”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλοιός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 276–77: “*γλοιϝός”
    6. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gli-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
    7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
    8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gléˀināˀ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292: “*gloi-(i)o-”
    10. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182
    11. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gléˀināˀ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
    12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*1grai- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 283-284
    13. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glьjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
    14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “glūten”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 266-267: “*gloiten-”
    15. ^ Gharib, B. (1995), “ɣг’у”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 167: “*griya”
    16. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glĕnь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
    17. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 122: “*gloiwos ‘clay’”
    18. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glěvъ; *glěvь; *glěva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
    19. ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “ngjis”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN
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