γλοιός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Two theories:

If from *γλοιϝός (*gloiwós), it agrees with Proto-Slavic *glěvъ (“slime”).
If from *γλοιϳός (*gloijós), it may correspond to Proto-Germanic *klajjaz (“clay”).

All these words derive from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, paste, stick together”). See also γλίνη (glínē, “any viscous substance”), γλία (glía, “glue”), γλίσχρος (glískhros, “sticky, penurious”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡloi̯.ós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡlyˈos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɣlyˈos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ɣlyˈos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ɣliˈos/

Noun

γλοιός • (gloiós) m (genitive γλοιοῦ); second declension

any glutinous substance; gum
mud, mire; sludge
oil and dirt scraped off with the strigil
oily sediment in baths
oil used as lube for machines

Declension

Second declension of ὁ γλοιός; τοῦ γλοιοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ γλοιός ho gloiós	τὼ γλοιώ tṑ gloiṓ	οἱ γλοιοί hoi gloioí
Genitive	τοῦ γλοιοῦ toû gloioû	τοῖν γλοιοῖν toîn gloioîn	τῶν γλοιῶν tôn gloiôn
Dative	τῷ γλοιῷ tōî gloiōî	τοῖν γλοιοῖν toîn gloioîn	τοῖς γλοιοῖς toîs gloioîs
Accusative	τὸν γλοιόν tòn gloión	τὼ γλοιώ tṑ gloiṓ	τοὺς γλοιούς toùs gloioús
Vocative	γλοιέ gloié	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιοί gloioí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Adjective

γλοιός • (gloiós) m (feminine γλοιᾱ́, neuter γλοιόν); first/second declension

slippery; knavish

Declension

First and second declension of γλοιός; γλοιᾱ́; γλοιόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	γλοιός gloiós	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιόν gloión	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιοί gloioí	γλοιαί gloiaí	γλοιᾰ́ gloiắ
Genitive	γλοιοῦ gloioû	γλοιᾶς gloiâs	γλοιοῦ gloioû	γλοιοῖν gloioîn	γλοιαῖν gloiaîn	γλοιοῖν gloioîn	γλοιῶν gloiôn	γλοιῶν gloiôn	γλοιῶν gloiôn
Dative	γλοιῷ gloiōî	γλοιᾷ gloiāî	γλοιῷ gloiōî	γλοιοῖν gloioîn	γλοιαῖν gloiaîn	γλοιοῖν gloioîn	γλοιοῖς gloioîs	γλοιαῖς gloiaîs	γλοιοῖς gloioîs
Accusative	γλοιόν gloión	γλοιᾱ́ν gloiā́n	γλοιόν gloión	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιούς gloioús	γλοιᾱ́ς gloiā́s	γλοιᾰ́ gloiắ
Vocative	γλοιέ gloié	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιόν gloión	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιᾱ́ gloiā́	γλοιώ gloiṓ	γλοιοί gloioí	γλοιαί gloiaí	γλοιᾰ́ gloiắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	γλοιῶς gloiôs			γλοιότερος gloióteros			γλοιότᾰτος gloiótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

γλοιᾰ́ζω (gloiắzō)
γλοιᾱ́ς (gloiā́s)
γλοιᾰ́φῐον (gloiắphĭon)
γλοίης (gloíēs)
γλοιοποιέω (gloiopoiéō)
γλοιοπότῐς (gloiopótĭs)
γλοιόω (gloióō)
γλοιώδης (gloiṓdēs)

References

“γλοιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“γλοιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
γλοιός in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
γλοιός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN