Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰrendʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*gʷʰrend-^[1] (for Balto-Slavic)
*gʷʰrenHdʰ-^[2]

Etymology

The Germanic forms point to a root of the shape *gʷʰrendʰ-, though the Lithuanian form points to a root *gʷʰrend. De Vaan suggests that these different reconstructions may constitute separate roots that are both extensions of an otherwise unattested root *gʷʰren-.

Root

*gʷʰrendʰ-

to crush, gnash

Derived terms

*gʷʰréndʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
- >? Proto-Italic: *frendō?
  - >? Latin: frendō^[3]^[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *grindaną^[2]

Unsorted formations

>? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grénstei
- >? Lithuanian: grę́sti^[5]
>? Proto-Hellenic:
- >? Ancient Greek: χόνδρος (khóndros)^[1] (rejected by Beekes)^[6]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 247
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 164
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1643

[EIEC-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 247

[EDPG-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

[4] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 164

[5] Derksen, Rick (2015), Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1643

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