χόνδρος

See also: χονδρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

    Of disputed origin:[1]

    • Based on a dissimilatory elision from an earlier hypothetical pre-form *χρόνδρος (*khróndros), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰrónd-ro-s, a nominal o-grade formation from a root Proto-Indo-European *gʰrend- (“to grind, crush”) (whence Lithuanian grę́sti (“to shave, scour, scratch”), Proto-Germanic *grindaną (“to grind”), and Latin frendō (“I gnash”)) +‎ -ρος (-ros). However, Beekes finds this proposal unconvincing due to consonantal mismatches with the Germanic and Latin.
    • Beekes alternatively suggests a different pre-form *χόρδ-ρος (*khórd-ros), which he relates to χέρᾰδος (khérădos, “silt, gravel”) and χᾰρᾰ́δρα (khărắdra, “gorge; torrent”); under this theory, the term would be of non-Indo-European, perhaps Pre-Greek, origin.
    • Adams connects the term with Tocharian B kanti, Hittite [script needed] (kant-), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gantuma), Sanskrit गोधाम (godhāma), Sogdian [script needed] (γndwm), Shughni [script needed] (žindam), Khotanese [script needed] (ganama-), and Persian [script needed] (gandum). Based on these connections, Adams reconstructions Proto-Indo-European *gʰondʰ-.[2]

    Pronunciation

     

    Noun

    χόνδρος • (khóndros) m (genitive χόνδρου); second declension

    1. a small rounded mass: lump
    2. grain, groat, corn, spelt
    3. cartilage

    Declension

    Second declension of ὁ χόνδρος; τοῦ χόνδρου (Attic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ὁ χόνδρος
    ho khóndros     		τὼ χόνδρω
    tṑ khóndrō     		οἱ χόνδροι
    hoi khóndroi
    Genitive τοῦ χόνδρου
    toû khóndrou     		τοῖν χόνδροιν
    toîn khóndroin     		τῶν χόνδρων
    tôn khóndrōn
    Dative τῷ χόνδρῳ
    tōî khóndrōi     		τοῖν χόνδροιν
    toîn khóndroin     		τοῖς χόνδροις
    toîs khóndrois
    Accusative τὸν χόνδρον
    tòn khóndron     		τὼ χόνδρω
    tṑ khóndrō     		τοὺς χόνδρους
    toùs khóndrous
    Vocative χόνδρε
    khóndre     		χόνδρω
    khóndrō     		χόνδροι
    khóndroi
    Notes:
    • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • → Arabic: خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs)
    • → English: chondro-
    • → Greek: χόνδρος (chóndros)

    References

    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χόνδρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1643
    2. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “1kanti”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 146

    Further reading

    Greek

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros, “groat, cartilage”).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈxon.ðɾos/

    Noun

    χόνδρος • (chóndros) m (plural χόνδροι)

    1. (anatomy) cartilage, gristle, cartilaginous skeletal material
    2. groats

    Declension

    Declension of χόνδρος
    singular plural
    nominative χόνδρος (chóndros) χόνδροι (chóndroi)
    genitive χόνδρου (chóndrou) χόνδρων (chóndron)
    accusative χόνδρο (chóndro) χόνδρους (chóndrous)
    vocative χόνδρε (chóndre) χόνδροι (chóndroi)

    Further reading

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