Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/HrewdH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly an extension of *h₃rewH- (“to howl, shout, speak noisily”).

Root

*HrewdH-^[1]

to weep

Alternative reconstructions

*(H)rewd-^[2]
*Hrewd-^[3]
*h₃rewdH-^[4]
*rewdH-^[5]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *HrewdH- (18 c, 0 e)

*HréwdH-ti ~ *HrudH-énti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *reutaną
  - Proto-West Germanic: *reutan
    - Old English: rēotan
    - Old Saxon: *riotan
      - Middle Low German: rêten
    - Old High German: riozan, riuzan
      - Middle High German: riezen
  - Old Norse: rjóta
    - Icelandic: rjóta
    - Faroese: rjóta, rýta
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HráwdHti ~ *Hrúdanti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *roudō or *rudō
  - Latin: rūdō or rudō
*HrowdH-eh₂
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: raudà
*HrowdH-eh₂-ye-ti
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: raûdât
  - Lithuanian: raudóti
- Proto-Germanic: *rautōną
  - Old Norse: rauta
    - Icelandic: rauta (obsolete?)
    - Norwegian: raute, rauta
    - Swedish: röta (obsolete)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *raudinja^[6]
- Albanian: ryej
Balto-Slavic:
- Old Lithuanian: rausti
- Proto-Slavic: *rydati (“to wail, weep”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HrawdH-
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HrawdH-
  - Sanskrit: रुद् (rud)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “rydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “reu̯dH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 508
^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “HrewdH-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 376

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008), “rydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[5] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “reu̯dH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 508

[6] Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “HrewdH-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 376

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