Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱh₂d-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Speculative links have been made to *keh₂d- (“hatred, angriness”).^[1]

Root

*ḱh₂d-^[2]

to fall

Alternative reconstructions

*ḱad-^[3]
*ḱh₂ed-^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱh₂d- (13 c, 0 e)

*ḱh₂d-é-ti (tudáti-type thematic present)
- Proto-Italic: *kadō
  - Latin: cadō
*ḱe-ḱh₂ód-e ~ *ḱe-ḱh₂d-ḗr (perfect)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: शशाद (śaśāda)
- Proto-Italic: *kekadai
  - Latin: cecidī
*ḱadyo-
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ցած (cʻac) (possibly)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Celtic: *kassris (“hail-shower”)^[4] or *kass(a)rā^[1]
- Old Irish: casar
- Middle Welsh: kesseir
  - Welsh: cesair
- Breton: kazerc'h
- Cornish: keser

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*Kassarā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cadō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ḱad-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 318
^ Vendryes, Joseph (1987), Lexique étymologique de l’irlandais ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume C, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page C-46

[EDPC-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*Kassarā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cadō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78

[LIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ḱad-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 318

[4] Vendryes, Joseph (1987), Lexique étymologique de l’irlandais ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume C, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page C-46

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