Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/hékʰō
Proto-Hellenic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰeti, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to take hold of; to have”).[1][2]
Verb
*hékʰō[3]
- to have
Inflection
Present forms of *hékʰō
| Active | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *hékʰehen | ||||||||||
| participle | *hékʰonts | ||||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *hékʰō | *hékʰehi | *hékʰei | *hékʰowos, *hékʰowes, *hékʰowen | *hékʰetes, *hékʰetos, *hékʰeton | *hékʰetes, *hékʰetos, *hékʰeton | *hékʰomes, *hékʰomen | *hékʰete | *hékʰonti | ||
| subjunctive | *hékʰō | *hékʰēhi | *hékʰēi | *hékʰōwos, *hékʰōwes, *hékʰōwen | *hékʰētes, *hékʰētos, *hékʰēton | *hékʰētes, *hékʰētos, *hékʰēton | *hékʰōmes, *hékʰōmen | *hékʰēte | *hékʰōnti | ||
| optative | *hékʰoyə | *hékʰois | *hékʰoi | *hékʰoiwen | *hékʰoiton | *hekʰóitān | *hékʰoimen | *hékʰoite | *hékʰoyen | ||
| imperative | - | *hékʰe | *hekʰétō | - | *hékʰeton | *hekʰétōn | - | *hékʰete | *hekʰóntōn | ||
| Middle/Passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | *hékʰestʰai | ||||||||||
| participle | *hekʰómenos | ||||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *hékʰomai | *hékʰehai | *hékʰetai | *hékʰestʰa | *hékʰestʰon | *hékʰestʰon | *hekʰómestʰa | *hékʰestʰe | *hékʰontai | ||
| subjunctive | *hékʰōmai | *hékʰēhai | *hékʰētai | *hékʰēstʰa | *hékʰēstʰon | *hékʰēstʰon | *hekʰṓmestʰa | *hékʰēstʰe | *hékʰōntai | ||
| optative | *hekʰóimān | *hékʰoyyo | *hékʰoito | *hekʰóiwetʰa | *hékʰoistʰon | *hekʰóistʰān | *hekʰóimetʰa | *hékʰoistʰe | *hékʰointo | ||
| imperative | - | *hékʰeho | *hekʰéstʰō | - | *hékʰestʰon | *hekʰéstʰōn | - | *hékʰestʰe | *hekʰéstʰōn | ||
Imperfect forms of *hékʰō
| Active | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *éhekʰon | *éhekʰes | *éhekʰe | *ehékʰowe | *ehékʰeton | *ehekʰétān | *ehékʰomes, *ehékʰomen | *ehékʰete | *éhekʰon | ||
| Middle/Passive | |||||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *ehekʰómān | *ehékʰeho | *ehékʰeto | *ehékʰetʰa | *ehékʰestʰon | *ehekʰéstʰān | *ehekʰómetʰa | *ehékʰestʰe | *ehékʰonto | ||
Future forms of *hékʰō
| Active | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *hékʰsehen | |||||||||
| participle | *hékʰsonts | |||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *hékʰsō | *hékʰses | *hékʰsei | *hékʰsetes | *hékʰsetes | *hékʰsomos | *hékʰsete | *hékʰsonti | ||
| optative | *hékʰsoimi | *hékʰsois | *hékʰsoi | *hékʰsoiton | *hekʰsoítān | *hékʰsoime | *hékʰsoites | *hékʰsoyen | ||
| Middle | ||||||||||
| infinitive | *hékʰsestʰai | |||||||||
| participle | *hekʰsómenos | |||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *hékʰsomai | *hékʰsehai | *hékʰsetai | *hékʰsestʰes | *hékʰsestʰes | *hekʰsómostʰa | *hékʰsestʰe | *hékʰsontai | ||
| optative | *hekʰsoímān | *hékʰsoiho | *hékʰsoito | *hékʰsoistʰon | *hekʰsoístʰān | *hekʰsoímetʰa | *hékʰsoistʰe | *hékʰsointo | ||
| Passive | ||||||||||
| infinitive | *? | |||||||||
| participle | *? | |||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? | ||
| optative | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? | ||
Descendants
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔχω I”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 490-1
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 143; 169-170; 515: “*seǵʰ-;*seǵʰoH₂ > *hekʰō;*seǵʰ-s- > *seks- > "heksō;*si-ǵʰ-s-;*e-sǵʰ- > ἔσχον;*hiskʰō < *si-sǵʰ-”
- ^ D. Gary Miller (1977), “Was Grassmann's Law Reordered in Greek?”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung[1], volume 91, number 1, →ISSN, pages 131–158