Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ubanē

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From *ub +‎ *-anē.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈu.βɑ.neː/

    Adverb

    *ubanē

    1. from above

    Descendants

    Because of the irregular forms between some of the directional adverbs and preposition, *ub- and *upp-, some of the daughter languages show leveling. Gothic shows an otherwise unknown full-grade *eup- leveled throughout the adverbs.[1]

    • Proto-West Germanic: *obanā
      • Old English: ufan, ufane
        • Middle English: uven
      • Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)
      • Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan
      • Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)
      • Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
    • Old Norse: ofan

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2011), The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
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