Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swerdą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of disputed origin. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *swerdʰ- (“sharp tool”), often taken as an extension of *swer- (“to hurt”), and compared with Proto-Slavic *svьrdьlъ (“drill, auger”).[1] This is uncertain, however, since all other descendants, such as Proto-Germanic *sweraną, only suggest an original meaning 'to ache, hurt, fester'.

Alternatively, Nikolaev (2015)[2] suggests derivation from Proto-Indo-European *sw-er, locative of *seh₂w- (“sharp”) (with a loss of *h₂ between *s and *w) and cognate to Luwian [script needed] (šiḫual-, šiwal-, “sword”), [script needed] (šiwa-, “sharp”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈswer.ðɑ̃/

Noun

*swerdą n[1]

  1. sword
    Synonyms: *heruz, *mēkijaz, *wibraz

Inflection

Declension of *swerdą (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *swerdą *swerdō
vocative *swerdą *swerdō
accusative *swerdą *swerdō
genitive *swerdas, *swirdis *swerdǫ̂
dative *swerdai *swerdamaz
instrumental *swerdō *swerdamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003), “*swerdan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
  2. ^ Nikolaev, Alexander. 2015. "The Germanic word for ‘sword’ and delocatival derivation in Proto-Indo-European". Journal of Indo-European Studies 37 / 3-4, pp. 461-488
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