Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swammaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

    Seemingly related to Ancient Greek σομφός (somphós, “spongy, porous (esp. of wood)”), with which it is traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *swombʰ- (“sponge; tree-fungus”), but the Greek probably cannot be of inherited Indo-European origin given its lack of the expected shift *s- > *h- (but see σῦς (sûs) for a possible exception). Likely ultimately of substrate[2] or wanderwort origin. Such a substrate word may speculatively be related to the substrate sources of similar words in other languages, including Latin fungus (“mushroom, fungus”), Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos)/σφόγγος (sphóngos, “sponge; tonsil”), Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn, “tree fungus”) and perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúmˀbas (“bulged, bloated”) (whence Lithuanian gum̃bas (“bulge”) and Proto-Slavic *gǫba (“fungus, mushroom; sponge; lip”)), which cannot be reconciled in terms of Proto-Indo-European.[1]

    See also *sumpaz (“swamp”). This along with the variants *swambaz (Old High German swamb) and *swampuz (Old Norse sǫppr, svǫppr, svampr) perhaps point to an original n-stem *swambô ~ *sumppaz.[3]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈswɑm.mɑz/

    Noun

    *swammaz m

    1. sponge
    2. fungus, mushroom
    3. swamp

    Inflection

    Declension of *swammaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *swammaz *swammōz, *swammōs
    vocative *swamm *swammōz, *swammōs
    accusative *swammą *swammanz
    genitive *swammas, *swammis *swammǫ̂
    dative *swammai *swammamaz
    instrumental *swammō *swammamiz

    Descendants

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*swamb/ppan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 495
    2. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zomp”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
    3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2011), “*swambō, *sumppaz ‘sponge, mushroom’?”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 223–225
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