σπόγγος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Together with Latin fungus (“mushroom, fungus”) and Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn, “tree-mushroom”) a Mediterranean–Pontic Pre-Greek substrate loanword.[1]

Pronunciation

 

Noun

σπόγγος • (spóngos) m (genitive σπόγγου, diminutive σπογγῐ́ον); second declension

  1. sponge
    • c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.414–415:
      σπόγγῳ δ’ ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρ’ ἀπομόργνυ
      αὐχένα τε στιβαρὸν καὶ στήθεα λαχνήεντα
      spóngōi d’ amphì prósōpa kaì ámphō kheîr’ apomórgnu
      aukhéna te stibaròn kaì stḗthea lakhnḗenta
      With a sponge did he wipe both sides of his face and both his hands down,
      as well as his stout neck and his shaggy chest
  2. (anatomy) tonsil

Declension

Second declension of ὁ σπόγγος; τοῦ σπόγγου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ σπόγγος
ho spóngos 		τὼ σπόγγω
tṑ spóngō 		οἱ σπόγγοι
hoi spóngoi
Genitive τοῦ σπόγγου
toû spóngou 		τοῖν σπόγγοιν
toîn spóngoin 		τῶν σπόγγων
tôn spóngōn
Dative τῷ σπόγγῳ
tōî spóngōi 		τοῖν σπόγγοιν
toîn spóngoin 		τοῖς σπόγγοις
toîs spóngois
Accusative τὸν σπόγγον
tòn spóngon 		τὼ σπόγγω
tṑ spóngō 		τοὺς σπόγγους
toùs spóngous
Vocative σπόγγε
spónge 		σπόγγω
spóngō 		σπόγγοι
spóngoi
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Second declension of σπόγγος; σπόγγοιο / σπόγγοο / σπόγγου (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative σπόγγος
spóngos 		σπόγγω
spóngō 		σπόγγοι
spóngoi
Genitive σπόγγοιο / σπόγγοο / σπόγγου
spóngoio / spóngoo / spóngou 		σπόγγοιῐ̈ν
spóngoiĭ̈n 		σπόγγων
spóngōn
Dative σπόγγῳ
spóngōi 		σπόγγοιῐ̈ν
spóngoiĭ̈n 		σπόγγοισῐ / σπόγγοισῐν / σπόγγοις
spóngoisĭ(n) / spóngois
Accusative σπόγγον
spóngon 		σπόγγω
spóngō 		σπόγγους
spóngous
Vocative σπόγγε
spónge 		σπόγγω
spóngō 		σπόγγοι
spóngoi
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Arabic: إِسْفَنْج (ʔisfanj) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Aramaic: אספוגא
  • → Hebrew: ספוג (səfog)
  • → Old Armenian: սպունգ (spung)
  • ⇒ Greek: σφουγγάρι (sfoungári) (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 586–587

Further reading

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