Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwalō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*kwēlō

Etymology

An ō-stem nominal derived from *kwelaną (“to suffer”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkʷɑ.lɔː/

Noun

*kwalō f

suffering, pain

Inflection

Declension of *kwalō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kwalō	*kwalôz
vocative	*kwalō	*kwalôz
accusative	*kwalǭ	*kwalōz
genitive	*kwalōz	*kwalǫ̂
dative	*kwalōi	*kwalōmaz
instrumental	*kwalō	*kwalōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kwalu
- Old English: cwalu
  - Middle English: qual
Old Norse: kvǫl
- Icelandic: kvöl
- Faroese: kvøl
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kval
- Norwegian Bokmål: kval
- Old Swedish: qval
  - Swedish: kval
- Old Danish: qval, kwal
  - Danish: kval
Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌻 (*qal)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌻 (anaqal)
→? Proto-Finnic: *valo (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwalō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 315

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwalō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 315

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