Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    Probably from *ga- +‎ *arwaz (“ready, fast”).[1] Although a deverbal derivation would be more natural, such as from a lost strong verb *garwaną, where the verb would be from *ga- + older *arwaną, the suffix *-waz is likely adjectival in function, reflecting Proto-Indo-European *-wós.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑr.wɑz/

    Adjective

    *garwaz

    1. ready, prepared

    Inflection

    Declension of *garwaz (a-stem)
    Strong declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *garwaz *garwō *garwą, -atō *garwai *garwôz *garwō
    accusative *garwanǭ *garwǭ *garwą, -atō *garwanz *garwōz *garwō
    genitive *garwas, -is *garwaizōz *garwas, -is *garwaizǫ̂ *garwaizǫ̂ *garwaizǫ̂
    dative *garwammai *garwaizōi *garwammai *garwaimaz *garwaimaz *garwaimaz
    instrumental *garwanō *garwaizō *garwanō *garwaimiz *garwaimiz *garwaimiz
    Weak declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *garwô *garwǭ *garwô *garwaniz *garwōniz *garwōnō
    accusative *garwanų *garwōnų *garwô *garwanunz *garwōnunz *garwōnō
    genitive *garwiniz *garwōniz *garwiniz *garwanǫ̂ *garwōnǫ̂ *garwanǫ̂
    dative *garwini *garwōni *garwini *garwammaz *garwōmaz *garwammaz
    instrumental *garwinē *garwōnē *garwinē *garwammiz *garwōmiz *garwammiz

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *garu
      • Old English: ġearu, ġearo
      • Old Frisian: *gar, *jer
        • Saterland Frisian: goar
      • Old Saxon: garo, garu
      • Old Dutch: garo
        • Middle Dutch: gāer
          • Dutch: gaar (“cooked, done”)
      • Old High German: garo, karo
        • Middle High German: gare, gar
          • German: gar (“cooked, done”)
          • Luxembourgish: guer
    • Old Norse: gǫrr, gerr
    • → Proto-Samic: *kārvēs (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*garwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170
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