Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fratrudaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɸrɑˈtru.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*fratrudaną
- to trample
Inflection
The present tense has the zero grade vowel -u- rather than -e-. The past participle might have had either.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *fratrudō | *fratrudaų | — | *fratrudai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *fratrudizi | *fratrudaiz | *fratrud | *fratrudazai | *fratrudaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *fratrudidi | *fratrudai | *fratrudadau | *fratrudadai | *fratrudaidau | |
| 1st dual | *fratrudōz | *fratrudaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *fratrudadiz | *fratrudaidiz | *fratrudadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *fratrudamaz | *fratrudaim | — | *fratrudandai | *fratrudaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *fratrudid | *fratrudaid | *fratrudid | *fratrudandai | *fratrudaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *fratrudandi | *fratrudain | *fratrudandau | *fratrudandai | *fratrudaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *fratrad | *fratrēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *fratrast | *fratrēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *fratrad | *fratrēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *fratrēdū | *fratrēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *fratrēdudiz | *fratrēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *fratrēdum | *fratrēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *fratrēdud | *fratrēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *fratrēdun | *fratrēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *fratrudandz | *fratrudanaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fratredan
- Old English: fortredan
- Old Frisian: *fortreda
- West Frisian: fertrêdzje
- Old Saxon: *fartredan
- Middle Low German: vörtreden, vortreden
- Old Dutch: *fartredan
- Old High German: firtrëtan
- Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fratrudan)