Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈdrɑu̯.ɣɑz/

    Noun

    *draugaz m[1]

    1. (North Germanic) based on cognates: phantom (mirage), ghost, revenant and thereof; potentially demon, troll, ghoul etc

    Declension

    Declension of *draugaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *draugaz *draugōz, *draugōs
    vocative *draug *draugōz, *draugōs
    accusative *draugą *drauganz
    genitive *draugas, *draugis *draugǫ̂
    dative *draugai *draugamaz
    instrumental *draugō *draugamiz

    Descendants

    • Proto-Norse: *ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ (*dᵃraugaʀ)
      • Old Norse: draugr
        • Faroese: dreygur
        • Icelandic: draugur
        • Norn: *drau, *drou; *drog (compare 18th c. Norwegian drau → drauv, drov)
        • Middle Norwegian: draug, drau
        • Old Danish: drog
        • Old Swedish: *drøgher, *draugr
          • Swedish: drög, dröger, draugr (dialectal, archaic/obsolete)
        • Scanian: *drauker, *drau (“devil”)
          • Scanian Swedish: dråker, dråkel, dråe, dråmer, dråmår (“devil”)
            • ⇒ (definite form) drån, dronn, dröken, dråmårn (“the devil, Satan”)
            • ⇒ dråkerskap, dråmerskap, drånskap (“devilment, devilry, mischief”)
        • → Danish: drauge, dravge (learned)
        • → English: draugr, draug (learned)
        • → Swedish: draug (learned)
      • →? Proto-Finnic: *raukka (see there for further descendants)
      • → Proto-Samic: *rāvkë (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*drauga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 100
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