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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).
Pronunciation
Noun
*īsarną n[1]
- iron
Inflection
Declension of *īsarną (neuter a-stem)
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singular
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plural
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| nominative
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*īsarną
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*īsarnō
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| vocative
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*īsarną
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*īsarnō
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| accusative
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*īsarną
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*īsarnō
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| genitive
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*īsarnas, *īsarnis
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*īsarnǫ̂
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| dative
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*īsarnai
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*īsarnamaz
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| instrumental
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*īsarnō
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*īsarnamiz
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Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *īsarn
- Old English: īsern, īren, īsen
- Middle English: iren, irin, iron, irn, irne, yren, yrn, yrne, eren, heren, heyron, hyrone, ieren, yeren, yrin (Late Middle English), iryn, iryne (Northern), yirn, yrun, yryn (especially East Anglia), hire, ire, yre (Southern, South Midland), yse, ysen (Middlesex), yzen (Kent)
- Old Frisian: īsern
- Old Saxon: īsarn
- Middle Low German: îsen, îsern, îseren
- German Low German: Iesen
- ⇒ German Low German: Iesder
- Low German: Isen
- Plautdietsch: Iesa
- Old Dutch: *īsarn
- Middle Dutch: iser
- Dutch: ijzer
- Afrikaans: yster
- Berbice Creole Dutch: isiri
- Jersey Dutch: äize
- Negerhollands: iser, izu
- Skepi Creole Dutch: isir
- → Aukan: insii
- → Sranan Tongo: isri
- → Caribbean Hindustani: isri
- → Caribbean Javanese: isri
- Limburgish: iezer
- West Flemish: yzer
- Old High German: īsarn
- Old Norse: járn, ísarn, jarn, éarn
- Gothic: 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*īsarna- ~ *īzarna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 271