Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/voi

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

    From earlier *vooji, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *waje.[1]

    Noun

    *voi[2]

    1. butter
    Inflection
    Inflection of *voi
    Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
    singular plural
    nominative *voi *voit
    accusative *voin *voit
    genitive *voin *voidën
    *voidën
    partitive *voita *voita
    inessive *voissa
    *voihna     		*voissa
    *voihna
    elative *voista *voista
    illative *voisën *voisën
    adessive *voilla *voilla
    ablative *voilta *voilta
    allative *voilën
    *voilëk     		*voilën
    *voilëk
    essive *voina *voina
    translative *voiksi *voiksi
    instructive *voin *voin
    comitative *voinëk *voinëk
    abessive *voitta *voitta
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Estonian: või
    • Finnish: voi
    • Ingrian: voi
    • Karelian:
      • North Karelian: voi
      • South Karelian: voi
    • Livonian: vȭidag, (Salaca) vui
    • Livvi: voi
    • Ludian: voi
    • Veps: voi
    • >? Võro: võid, võisõq
    • Votic: või

    Etymology 2

      Perhaps of expressive origin. Compare the descendants of Proto-Indo-European *wáy such as Proto-Balto-Slavic *wái and Proto-Germanic *wai (whence English woe).

      Interjection

      *voi

      1. oh, woe
      Derived terms
      Descendants
      • Estonian: (dialectal) voi
      • Finnish: voi
      • Ingrian: voi
      • Karelian:
        • North Karelian: voi
        • South Karelian: voi
      • Livonian: vȯi
      • Livvi: voi
      • Ludian: voi
      • Veps: voi
      • Võro: võiq
      • Votic: voi

      References

      1. ^ Santeri Junttila, Petri Kallio, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha Kuokkala, Juho Pystynen, editors (2020–), “voi”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
      2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*voi”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)
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