Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vihat'ak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From *viha (“hate”) + *-t'ak.
Verb
*vihat'ak (stem *vihada-)
- to hate
Inflection
Inflection of *vihat'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vihadan | *vihacin | — | *vihatkon |
| 2nd sing. | *vihadat | *vihacit | *vihadak | *vihatkos |
| 3rd sing. | *vihadapi *vihat |
*vihaci | *vihatkasën | *vihatkosën |
| 1st plur. | *vihadakma | *vihacima | *vihatkatëma | *vihatkotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *vihadakta | *vihacita | *vihatkata | *vihatkotta |
| 3rd plur. | *vihadabat *vihat |
*vihaci | *vihatkasën | *vihatkosën |
| passive | *vihadaksën *vihadat'aksën |
*vihattisën *vihadattihën |
*vihattakahën *vihadattagasën |
*vihattakohën *vihadattagosën |
| connegative | *vihadak | — | *vihatkak | *vihatkok |
| passive connegative | *vihadaktak | — | *vihattagak *vihadattagak |
*vihattagok *vihadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vihadakcin | *vihacicin | *vihannën | |
| 2nd sing. | *vihadakcit | *vihacicit | *vihannët | |
| 3rd sing. | *vihadakci | *vihacici | *vihanni | |
| 1st plur. | *vihadakcima | *vihacicima | *vihannëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *vihadakcida | *vihacicida | *vihannëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *vihadakci | *vihacici | *vihanni | |
| passive | *vihat'akcihën *vihadat'akcisën |
*vihatticihën *vihadatticisën |
*vihattanëhën *vihadattanësën | |
| connegative | *vihadakcik | *vihacicik | *vihannëk | |
| passive connegative | *vihat'akcik *vihadat'akcik |
*vihatticik *vihadatticik |
*vihattanëk *vihadattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vihat'ak | present | *vihadapa | *vihattapa *vihadattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *vihattë- | past | *vihannut | *vihattu *vihadattu |
| gerund/supine | *vihadama | negative | *vihadamat'oin | |
| action noun | *vihadaminën | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: vihkama/vihata
- Finnish: vihata
- Ingrian: vihata
- → Votic: vihatõ
- Karelian: vihata
- Livonian: vi’jjõ
- Livvi: vihata
- Võro: vihkama/vihadaq
Further reading
- “vihkama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012