Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vajëhtadak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From *vajëh (“gap”) + *-tadak.
Verb
*vajëhtadak (stem *vajëhta-)
- to change
Inflection
Inflection of *vajëhtadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vajëhtan | *vajëhtoin | — | *vajëhtagon |
| 2nd sing. | *vajëhtat | *vajëhtoit | *vajëhtak | *vajëhtagos |
| 3rd sing. | *vajëhtapi *vajëhta |
*vajëhtoi | *vajëhtakahën | *vajëhtakohën |
| 1st plur. | *vajëhtakma | *vajëhtoima | *vajëhtakadëma | *vajëhtakodëma |
| 2nd plur. | *vajëhtakta | *vajëhtoita | *vajëhtakada | *vajëhtagotta |
| 3rd plur. | *vajëhtabat *vajëhta |
*vajëhtoi | *vajëhtakahën | *vajëhtakohën |
| passive | *vajëhtaksën *vajëhtat'aksën |
*vajëhtatihën *vajëhtattihën |
*vajëhtatagasën *vajëhtattagasën |
*vajëhtatagosën *vajëhtattagosën |
| connegative | *vajëhtak | — | *vajëhtagak | *vajëhtagok |
| passive connegative | *vajëhtaktak | — | *vajëhtatagak *vajëhtattagak |
*vajëhtatagok *vajëhtattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vajëhtakcin | *vajëhtoicin | *vajëhtanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *vajëhtakcit | *vajëhtoicit | *vajëhtanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *vajëhtakci | *vajëhtoici | *vajëhtani | |
| 1st plur. | *vajëhtakcima | *vajëhtoicima | *vajëhtanëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *vajëhtakcida | *vajëhtoicida | *vajëhtanëda | |
| 3rd plur. | *vajëhtakci | *vajëhtoici | *vajëhtani | |
| passive | *vajëhtadakcisën *vajëhtat'akcisën |
*vajëhtaticisën *vajëhtatticisën |
*vajëhtatanësën *vajëhtattanësën | |
| connegative | *vajëhtakcik | *vajëhtoicik | *vajëhtanëk | |
| passive connegative | *vajëhtadakcik *vajëhtat'akcik |
*vajëhtaticik *vajëhtatticik |
*vajëhtatanëk *vajëhtattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vajëhtadak | present | *vajëhtapa | *vajëhtataba *vajëhtattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *vajëhtatë- | past | *vajëhtanut | *vajëhtatu *vajëhtattu |
| gerund/supine | *vajëhtama | negative | *vajëhtamat'oin | |
| action noun | *vajëhtaminën | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: vahetama/vahetada (with metathesis *-ajëh- > *-ah(j)ë-)
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: vajehtua
- South Karelian: vajehtua
- Livonian: va’idõ
- Livvi: vajehtua
- Ludian: vajehtada
- Veps: vajehtada
From *va(j)ihtadak:
- Finnish: vaihtaa
- Ingrian: vaihtaa
- Karelian:
- South Karelian: vaihtua
- Livvi: vaihtua
- Võro: vaihtama/vaihtaq
Further reading
- “vahetama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “vaihtaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN