Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vaikëda
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Probably *vaiva (“bother; pain”) + *-këda, perhaps through suffix substitution. Has also been compared with Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌾𐍉 (waihjō) (? < *waihjǭ) and more widely with Proto-Germanic words derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (e.g. *wiganą (“to fight”), Proto-West Germanic *waigr (“resistant”)), but there is no corresponding adjective on the Proto-Germanic side, which makes this less likely.
Adjective
*vaikëda
Inflection
Inflection of *vaikëda
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vaikëda | *vaikëdat | |
| accusative | *vaikëdan | *vaikëdat | |
| genitive | *vaikëdan | *vaikëdadën *vaikëdëidën | |
| partitive | *vaikëdata | *vaikëdëita | |
| inessive | *vaikëdassa *vaikëdahna |
*vaikëdëissa *vaikëdëihna | |
| elative | *vaikëdasta | *vaikëdëista | |
| illative | *vaikëdasën | *vaikëdëisën | |
| adessive | *vaikëdalla | *vaikëdëilla | |
| ablative | *vaikëdalta | *vaikëdëilta | |
| allative | *vaikëdalën *vaikëdalëk |
*vaikëdëilën *vaikëdëilëk | |
| essive | *vaikëdana | *vaikëdëina | |
| translative | *vaikëdaksi | *vaikëdëiksi | |
| instructive | *vaikëdan | *vaikëdëin | |
| comitative | *vaikëdanëk | *vaikëdëinëk | |
| abessive | *vaikëdatta | *vaikëdëitta | |
Descendants
- Finnish: vaikea
- → Northern Sami: váigat
- Ingrian: vaikia
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: vaikie
- South Karelian: vaigie
- Livvi: vaigei
- Votic: vaikõa (Pummala)
Further reading
- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “vaikea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN