Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/saadak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *saxe-.[1]
Verb
*saadak (stem *saa-)[2]
- to get, receive
- may, to be allowed to; can, to be able to (exact meaning depends on the descendant)
- to arrive
- to become, get
Inflection
Inflection of *saadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *saan | *sain | — | *saagon |
| 2nd sing. | *saat | *sait | *saak | *saagos |
| 3rd sing. | *saapi *saa |
*sai | *saakahën | *saakohën |
| 1st plur. | *saakma | *saima | *saakadëma | *saakodëma |
| 2nd plur. | *saakta | *saita | *saakada | *saagotta |
| 3rd plur. | *saabat *saa |
*sai | *saakahën | *saakohën |
| passive | *saaksën *saat'aksën |
*saatihën *saattihën |
*saatagasën *saattagasën |
*saatagosën *saattagosën |
| connegative | *saak | — | *saagak | *saagok |
| passive connegative | *saaktak | — | *saatagak *saattagak |
*saatagok *saattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *saakcin | *saicin | *saanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *saakcit | *saicit | *saanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *saakci | *saici | *saani | |
| 1st plur. | *saakcima | *saicima | *saanëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *saakcida | *saicida | *saanëda | |
| 3rd plur. | *saakci | *saici | *saani | |
| passive | *saadakcisën *saat'akcisën |
*saaticisën *saatticisën |
*saatanësën *saattanësën | |
| connegative | *saakcik | *saicik | *saanëk | |
| passive connegative | *saadakcik *saat'akcik |
*saaticik *saatticik |
*saatanëk *saattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *saadak | present | *saapa | *saataba *saattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *saatë- | past | *saanut | *saatu *saattu |
| gerund/supine | *saama | negative | *saamat'oin | |
| action noun | *saaminën | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: saama/saada
- Finnish: saada
- Ingrian: saavva
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: šuaha
- South Karelian: šuaha
- Livonian: sǭdõ
- Livvi: suaha
- Ludian: suada
- Veps: sada
- Võro: saama/saiaq
- Votic: saavvõ
References
- ^ Santeri Junttila, Petri Kallio, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha Kuokkala, Juho Pystynen, editors (2020–), “saada”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*saa-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)