Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ksi

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Uralic *-kse.

    Suffix

    *-ksi

    1. Translative ending.
    Usage notes

    Underlying stem *-ksë-, *-kse-, which surfaces when another suffix (e.g. possessive ending) is appended to this suffix, and in some descendants.

    Descendants
    • Estonian: -ks
    • Finnish: -ksi
    • Ingrian: -ks
    • Karelian:
      • North Karelian: -kši
      • South Karelian: -kši
    • Livonian: -ks (instrumental-comitative-translative; in words with -kõks, merged with a descendant of *kansa, compare Estonian -ga)
    • Livvi: -kse
    • Ludian: -ks
    • Veps: -ks, -kš
    • >? Võro: -s
    • Votic: -ssi

    Further reading

    • Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.

    Etymology 2

      Suffix

      *-ksi

      1. alternative form of *-s (with monosyllabic stems)
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